The aim of this study is to provide a succinct discussion of intertextuality from a theoretical perspective. The concept of intertextuality dates back to the ancient times when the first human history and the discourses about texts began to exist. As a phenomenon it has sometimes been defined as a set of relations which a text has with other texts and/or discourses belonging to various fields and cultural domains. Yet the commencement of intertextuality as a critical theory and an approach to texts was provided by the formulations of such theorists as Ferdinand de Saussure, Mikhail Bakhtin and Roland Barthes before the term ‘intertextuality’ was coined by Julia Kristeva in 1966. This study, focusing on firstly, the path from ‘work’ to ‘text’ and ‘intertext’, both of which ultimately became synonymous, and secondly, the shifting position of the reader/interpreter becoming significant in the discipline of literary studies, aims to define intertextuality as a critical theory and state its fundamentals and axioms formulated by the mentioned originators of the intertextual theory and thus to betray the fact that intertextuality had a poststructuralist and postmodern vein at the outset. The study was motivated by both a lack of a study differing the intellectual origins/mental conceptors from the later theoreticians and the rarity of intertextuality’s being dealt with as a separate literary approach, i.e. its being scrutinized mostly as a part of other critical approaches. For this reason, the study has been thought to be beneficial especially for laypersons.

An introduction to intertextuality as a literary theory: definitions, axioms and the originators

Colour is an essential aspect of our daily life, and still, it is a neglected issue within marketing research. The main reason for studying colours is to understand the impact of colours on consumer behaviour, and thus, colours should be studied when it comes to branding, advertising, packages, interiors, and the clothes of the employees, for example. This was an exploratory study about the impact of colours on packages. The focus was on low-involvement purchasing, where the consumer puts limited effort into the decision-making. The basis was a scenario in which the consumer faces an unpredictable problem needing immediate action. The consumer may be in hurry, which indicate time pressure. The consumer may lack brand preferences, or the preferred brand may be out of stock. The issue is that the choice is to be made at the point of purchase. Further, the purchasing involves product classes where the core products behind the brands are indistinguishable from each other. Three research questions were posed. Two questions were answered by conjoint analysis, i.e. if colours have an impact on decision-making and if a possible impact is related to the product class. 16 hypothetical packages were designed in two product classes within the healthcare, i.e. painkillers and medicine against sore throats. The last research question aimed at detecting how an analysis could be carried out in order to understand the impact of colours. This question was answered by conducting interviews that were analysed by applying laddering method and a semiotics approach. The study found that colours do indeed have an impact on consumer behaviour, this being related to the context, such as product class. The role of colours on packages was found to be threefold: attention, aesthetics, and communication. The study focused on colours as a means of communication, and it proposes that colours convey product, brand, and product class meanings, these meanings having an impact on consumers’ decision-making at the point of purchase. In addition, the study demonstrates how design elements such as colours can be understood by regarding them as non-verbal signs. The study also presents an empirical design, involving quantitative and qualitative techniques that can be used to gain in depth understanding of the impact of design elements on consumer behaviour.

Colours as Non-Verbal Signs on Packages

In this paper virtual storytelling is considered as narrative potential - the integration of agency and narrative. To facilitate this, an aesthetics of VEs is introduced as the context for the analysis of a popular computer role playing game. The game is analysed in terms of Perceptual Opportunities - a content model for virtual environments. From this analysis some inferences are drawn concerning the way in which agency and narrative may be successfully integrated to facilitate virtual storytelling.

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Virtual Storytelling as Narrative Potential: Towards an Ecology of Narrative

Enhancing students’ Learning Experiences Outside School (LEOS) using digital technologies

Cette these propose de cartographier le parcours de navigation des usagers des EIAH pour le visualiser, visualiser pour interpreter et interpreter pour anticiper. Les profils d'apprentissage ont une influence sur les modes de navigation dans un environnement d'apprentissage en ligne. S’appuyant sur une methodologie capable de modeliser le parcours de navigation d’un usager et d’anticiper son prochain clic sur une plateforme, notre etude cherche a elargir le champ des connaissances de l'efficacite/performance des styles d'apprentissage. La methodologie utilisee repose sur l’analyse des traces d'utilisation elaboree a partir de 63 archives logs Web, incluant 4637 lignes de registre et 13 206 possibilites de choix de module. Le travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’approches associant semiologie, des sciences de l’information, psychologie cognitive et sciences de l’education. Trois observations ont ete menees, generant des informations sur le profil de l’usager, la representation des parcours et l’impact du style d’apprentissage dans le choix des fonctionnalites de travail offertes disponibles sur la plateforme. Les principaux resultats sont de deux types : d’une part, l’elaboration d’un outil convertissant les traces des fichiers log en parcours de navigation, et d’autre part, la confirmation d’un lien entre style d’apprentissage et mode de navigation. Ce deuxieme resultat permet d’elaborer une methode d’anticipation du nouveau choix de module sur une plateforme numerique de travail. Les applications pratiques visant a rendre exploitables ces traces dans les formations universitaires sont l’elaboration de bilans de qualite (ressources preferees, fonctionnalites moins utilisees) et l’identification des besoins de mediation pedagogique pour la comprehension de la tâche ou du processus (identifie par exemple dans l’insistance sur le module de consignes, le temps investi par un groupe ou par des trajets repetes). Cette these s’adresse principalement aux responsables pedagogiques universitaires decideurs de l’integration des TIC, et par extension, aux etudiants universitaires et aux concepteurs d’outils d’apprentissage.

/pdf/enseigner-et-apprendre-en-ligne-vers-un-modele-de-la-47502rz9jd.pdf

浩平沢崎

Papers

S/z : バルザック「サラジーヌ」の構造分析

浩平 沢崎

Papers

S/z : バルザック「サラジーヌ」の構造分析

浩平沢崎