Mahmut C. Selekoglu, Adana Cimento, Turkey, presents a reminder of the basic considerations in approaching energy-efficient processes.

How to be Energy Efficient

Agent-based load balancing routing for LEO satellite networks

A survey on image data analysis through clustering techniques for real world applications

With the recent advances in embedded systems and wireless communication technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained great attention to realize efficient and low cost control systems for smart grid. The existing applications of WSNs on smart grid include advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), equipment fault diagnostics, outage detection, conductor temperature and dynamic thermal rating, power fraud detection, towers and poles monitoring. However, recent field tests show that low-power wireless links in smart grid environments have variable link qualities and high packet error rates because of RF interference, fading effects, equipment noise, and obstructions in smart grid environments. Hence, the realization of WSN-based smart grid applications is directly related to the performance of WSN communication protocols in harsh smart grid environments. In this paper, the performance of the state-of-the-art WSN medium access control (MAC) protocols, such as IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.11, CSMA, TDMA, and Z-MAC, has been evaluated to better understand the advantages and disadvantages of evaluated MAC protocols in harsh smart grid spectrum environments. Overall, the main goal of this paper is to quantify the impact of the smart grid propagation environment characteristics on the performance of evaluated MAC protocols in terms of network throughput, packet reception rate, and energy consumption.

Performance of MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks in harsh smart Grid environment

A novel technique for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) that employs both the color and spatial information of images is proposed. A maximum of three dominant color regions in an image together with its respective coordinates of the Minimum-Bounding Rectangle (MBR) are first extracted. Next, the Sub-Block technique is then used to determine the location of the dominant regions by comparing the coordinates of the region’s MBR with the four corners of the center of the location map. The cell number that is maximally covered by the region is supposedly to be assigned as the location index. However, the Sub-Block technique is not reliable because in most cases, the location index assigned is not the cell number that is maximally covered by the region and sometimes a region does not overlap with the cell number assigned at all. The effectiveness of this technique has been improved using the Improved Sub-Block technique by taking into consideration the total horizontal and vertical distances of a region at each location where it overlaps. The color-spatial technique is accessed on a Query-byExample CBIR system consisting of 900 images. From the experiments it is shown that retrieval effectiveness has been significantly improved by 85.86%.

https://ajba.um.edu.my/index.php/MJCS/article/download/6314/3992

Content-based image retrieval based on color-spatial features

It is widely known that in wireless sensor networks (WSN), energy efficiency is of utmost importance. WSN need to be energy efficient but also need to provide better performance, particularly latency. A common protocol design guideline has been to trade off some performance metrics such as throughput and delay for energy. This paper presents a novel MAC (Express Energy Efficient Media Access Control) protocol that not only preserves the energy efficiency of current alternatives but also coordinates the transfer of packets from source to destination in such a way that latency and jitter are improved considerably. Our simulations show how EX-MAC (Express Energy Efficient MAC) outperforms the well-known S-MAC protocols in several performance metrics.

An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor network

In wireless sensor network studies the main objective is minimizing the energy consumption so that the lifetime is maximized under the limited battery capacity constraints. In most event-driven surveillance applications, the end-to-end delay should also be minimized. In this paper we present a new BT-MAC (balanced energy-latency tradeoff Media Access Control) which reaches a good balance between energy efficiency and latency. Simulations of a surveillance application verify that the proposed method successfully improve both delay and energy efficiency of the medium access. The end-to-end network performance is also investigated and the results show that using the heuristic method proposed the overall network performance can be improved.

An Efficient Energy Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Due to uncertainties in target motion and limited sensing regions of sensors, collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffers from low tracking accuracy and lack of reliability when a target cannot be detected by a scheduled sensor. Generally, actuating multiple sensors can achieve better tracking performance but with high energy consumption. Tracking accuracy, reliability, and energy consumed are affected by the continuous sensing and transmission and coding method. In this paper, an optimized energy-efficient multisensor scheduling scheme is proposed for collaborative target tracking in WSNs. Simulation results show that, compared with existing scheduling mechanism the proposed scheme can achieve superior energy efficiency and tracking reliability while satisfying the tracking accuracy requirement. It is also robust to the uncertainty of the process noise.

An optimized scheme for battlefield target tracking in wireless sensor network

An LEO satellite network model based on mobile agent is mentioned. In the network model, two shortest path algorithms are proposed. For information communication, a shortest path algorithm based on Dijkstra algorithm is proposed. For deploying routing tables, a shortest path algorithm named diffuser algorithm is demonstrated. Simulation results show the feasibility of the LEO satellite network model and the high efficiency of the shortest path algorithms.

A Shortest Path Algorithm Based on Mobile Agent in LEO Satellite Network

The paper introduces a secure DSR protocol, which is based on the principle of the sequence number increment and the scheme of the end-to-end acknowledgement. The OPNET simulation result shows that the secure routing design can resist the black-hole attack effectively.

Hao-Shan Shi

Papers

An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor network

An Efficient Energy Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

An optimized scheme for battlefield target tracking in wireless sensor network

A Shortest Path Algorithm Based on Mobile Agent in LEO Satellite Network

A Secure DSR Protocol Based on the Request Sequence-Number