Nowadays, the investigation of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has materialized its functional area ubiquitously such as environmental engineering, industrial and business applications, military, feedstock and habitat, agriculture sector, seismic detection, intelligent buildings, smart grids, and predictive maintenance, etc. Although some challenges still exist in the wireless sensor network, in spite of the shortcoming, it has been gaining significant attention among researchers and technologists due to its versatility and robustness. WSN is subject to a high potential technology that has been successfully implemented and tested in real-time scenarios, as well as deployed practically in various applications. In this paper, we have carried out an extensive survey in real-time applications of wireless sensor network deployment in a practical scenario such as the real-time intelligent monitoring of temperature, criminal activity in borders and surveillance on traffic monitoring, vehicular behavior on roads, water level and pressure, and remote monitoring of patients. The application of the Wireless Sensor Network in the assorted field of research areas has been widely deliberated. WSN is found to be the most effective solution in remote areas which are not yet explored due to its perilous nature and unreachable places. Here, in this study, we have cited the recent and updated research on the ubiquitous usage of WSN in diverse fields in an extensive and comprehensive approach.

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A Comprehensive Survey on Real-Time Applications of WSN

Structural health monitoring using wireless smart sensor network – An overview

Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their overall performance of light weight, low cost and corrosion resistance, and they are increasingly used as reinforcement in concrete structures. However, GFRP material has low elastic modulus and linear elastic properties compared with steel bars, which introduces different bonding characteristics between bars and concrete. Therefore, a reliable monitoring method is urgently needed to detect the bond slip in GFRP-reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, a piezoceramic-based active sensing approach is proposed and developed to find the debonding between a GFRP bar and the concrete structure. In the proposed method, we utilize PZT (lead zirconate titanate) as two transducers. One acts as an actuator which is buried in the concrete structure, and the other acts as a sensor which is attached to the GFRP bar by taking advantage of machinability of the GRRP material. Both transducers are strategically placed to face each other across from the interface between the GFRP bar and the concrete. The actuator provokes a stress wave that travels through the interface. Meanwhile, the PZT patch that is attached to the GFRP bar is used to detect the propagating stress wave. The bonding condition determines how difficult it is for the stress wave traveling through the interface. The occurrence of a bond slip leads to cracks between the bar and the concrete, which dramatically reduces the energy carried by the stress wave through the interface. In this research, two specimens equipped with the PZT transducers are fabricated, and pull-out tests are conducted. To analyze the active sensing data, we use wavelet packet analysis to compute the energy transferred to the sensing PZT patch throughout the process of debonding. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can accurately capture the bond slip between the GFRP bar and the concrete.

/pdf/real-time-monitoring-of-bond-slip-between-gfrp-bar-and-2vppx6du7x.pdf

Real-Time Monitoring of Bond Slip between GFRP Bar and Concrete Structure Using Piezoceramic Transducer-Enabled Active Sensing.

http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21136_5684cf853cc0dd33dea5ea663d0c9c92.pdf

Wireless smart sensors for monitoring the health condition of civil infrastructure

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems can improve the safety and reliability of structures, reduce maintenance costs, and extend service life. Research on concrete SHMs using piezoelectric-based smart aggregates have reached great achievements. However, the newly developed techniques have not been widely applied in practical engineering, largely due to the wiring problems associated with large-scale structural health monitoring. The cumbersome wiring requires much material and labor work, and more importantly, the associated maintenance work is also very heavy. Targeting a practical large scale concrete crack detection (CCD) application, a smart aggregates-based wireless sensor network system is proposed for the CCD application. The developed CCD system uses Zigbee 802.15.4 protocols, and is able to perform dynamic stress monitoring, structural impact capturing, and internal crack detection. The system has been experimentally validated, and the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system. This work provides important support for practical CCD applications using wireless smart aggregates.

/pdf/development-and-application-of-a-structural-health-2zz43omsfm.pdf

Development and Application of a Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Wireless Smart Aggregates.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can enhance the functionality of structures, improve its safety and reliability, reduce maintenance costs, and increase the service life. A new kind of SHM technology based on piezoelectric ceramic transducers is an effective way to realize the prospective functions. However, many of piezoelectric ceramic SHM systems, which are complicated, weighty, and having much equipment, are mainly used for laboratory researches. In order to meet the needs of engineering applications, a portable piezoelectric concrete SHM system which uses the virtual instrument technology is proposed and produced in this paper. The developed system which is based on piezoelectric transducers can be realized to monitor online vibration accelerations, dynamic stresses, concrete cracks, and so forth. The function of this integrated system has been effectively proved in test and in an engineering application. The experimental and applied results show that the system is reliable, of high degree of automation, and portable. The work provides important technical support for improvement of structure design and monitoring of structural health status.

Haoyan Ma

Papers

Development and Application of a Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Wireless Smart Aggregates.

Development and Application of Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Piezoelectric Sensors