/pdf/how-the-mobile-communication-5b8eflx7w5.pdf

How the mobile communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the concept of everyday objects that make us live in the era of the IoT. The spatial characteristics of things around us can be considered the reins of the IoT operability. In other words, the spatial variation of a thing can be the core of the IoT reaction. For example, the spatial variation in crop indicates the requirement and characteristic of agriculture production. Also, the spatial variation of a human movement can alarm the security and monitoring systems. This issue agitates the contemplating of the “Internet of Spatial Things (IoST)” concept. For the first time, this paper draws an inspiration towards the perspective vision of the IoST, which is concerned with revise IoT with the spatial perspective. The IoST concept is argued by the presentation of its definition and architectural components. Besides, the IoST layers are discussed in details. Furthermore, a new proposed reference model of the IoST is proposed. Finally, the new trends and open issues regarding the IoST are aroused.

Internet of Spatial Things: A New Reference Model With Insight Analysis

During the last decade Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) research and development, including its implementation in a real life going through the optimization in order to have the best and acc...

VANET routing protocol for V2V implementation: A suitable solution for developing countries

VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is an evolving technology that brings numerous advantages, benefits and features of wireless networks to vehicles. VANET allows vehicles to communicate among themselves or with roadside equipment. Such kind of communication can be utilized for different purposes such as safety, comfort, or even entertainment. In VANET, routing of data, remains a challenging area for researchers due to its dynamic topology and the fast speed at which vehicles move. VANET is a sub class of MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) with some distinct features. The performance of communication in VANET depends on the performance of its underlying network routing protocols. In this work, we performed simulation study to compare the most popular MANET routing protocols (namely: AODV, DSDV and DSR) for VANET by considering a real world scenario of a highway system. We used the famous NCTUns 6.0 network simulator for our comparative study. Numerous key simulation parameters have being considered which include speed, number of nodes, data rate, propagation model, fading and payload. The selected routing protocols were then evaluated in terms of important performance metrics which include throughput, packet drop, packet collision and average end to end delay. Our obtained simulation results show that the performance of the routing protocols depends largely on the application throughput, average delay and QoS (fewer packet drops).

Performance Study of MANET Routing Protocols in VANET

In Mobile Adhoc networks (MANET) the mobility of nodes results in regular and random changes of network topology, which results in regular route changes, network partitions and possibly packet losses, making routing a challenging task in MANET network. The mostly used routing protocols in such networks are proactive and reactive routing protocols, but a reactive routing strategy is the most popular technique for wireless adhoc routing that provides a scalable solution to relatively large network topologies. However Hybrid GRP (Geographical Routing Protocol) are introduced comprises of both reactive and proactive routing properties to give high QoS parameter performance. This paper evaluates the performance of AODV- and DSR reactive routing protocols with hybrid GRP protocol in MANET network using QoS parameters like End-to-End Delay, Network Load, Throughput, Number of Hops/Route, PDR and NRL.

Performance analysis of reactive AODV and DSR with Hybrid GRP Routing Protocols under IEEE 802.11g MANET

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are the self-organized networks in which connections are not established for exchange the information. In MANET, there are major problems like scalability, dynamic topology, high mobility and routing. The network can be damaged due to the high mobility. Topology based routing can fail when there is a dynamic change in the network topology. To avoid these problems, Geographic routing is used. The geographic routing protocols are more efficient and scalable when there is a dynamic change in the network topology and when the mobility is high. In this paper, we have surveyed on the Hybrid Routing and Geographic routing protocol. The hybrid routing can be done into two ways i.e. greedy routing and face-2 algorithm or perimeter routing.

http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJGDC/vol9_no2/21.pdf

Geographic Routing Protocol: A Review

In modern technology era, the endeavor of MANET is to provide proficient wireless communication by adopting adhoc routing functionality in mobile nodes. The MANET nodes result in frequent network topology changes, making routing a challenging task. In past, Reactive routing approaches are used as a popular technique that provides scalable solution to relatively large MANET networks, where Hybrid MANET routing algorithms are introduced comprises of both reactive and proactive routing properties. This work is an attempt towards a comprehensive performance evaluation of commonly used reactive AODV protocol with hybrid GRP routing algorithm under varying node density conditions in terms of QoS using OPNET Modeler 17.5 Academic.

Harminder Kaur

Papers

Geographic Routing Protocol: A Review

Performance Investigation of Reactive AODV and Hybrid GRP Routing Protocols under Influence of IEEE 802.11n MANET