The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

The spatial features of emitted wireless signals are the basis of location distinction and determination for wireless indoor localization. Available in mainstream wireless signal measurements, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) has been adopted in vast indoor localization systems. However, it suffers from dramatic performance degradation in complex situations due to multipath fading and temporal dynamics. Break-through techniques resort to finer-grained wireless channel measurement than RSSI. Different from RSSI, the PHY layer power feature, channel response, is able to discriminate multipath characteristics, and thus holds the potential for the convergence of accurate and pervasive indoor localization. Channel State Information (CSI, reflecting channel response in 802.11 a/g/n) has attracted many research efforts and some pioneer works have demonstrated submeter or even centimeter-level accuracy. In this article, we survey this new trend of channel response in localization. The differences between CSI and RSSI are highlighted with respect to network layering, time resolution, frequency resolution, stability, and accessibility. Furthermore, we investigate a large body of recent works and classify them overall into three categories according to how to use CSI. For each category, we emphasize the basic principles and address future directions of research in this new and largely open area.

From RSSI to CSI: Indoor Localization via Channel Response, A survey on indoor localization using PHY-layer information

This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of smartphone (SP)-based solutions for fall detection and prevention. Falls are considered as major health hazards for both the elderly and people with neurodegenerative diseases. To mitigate the adverse consequences of falling, a great deal of research has been conducted, mainly focused on two different approaches, namely, fall detection and fall prevention. Required hardware for both fall detection and prevention are also available in SPs. Consequently, researchers' interest in finding SP-based solutions has increased dramatically over recent years. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no published review on SP-based fall detection and prevention. Thus in this paper, we present the taxonomy for SP-based fall detection and prevention solutions and systematic comparisons of existing studies. We have also identified three challenges and three open issues for future research, after reviewing the existing articles. Our time series analysis demonstrates a trend towards the integration of external sensing units with SPs for improvement in usability of the systems.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/7181/pdf

Smartphone-based solutions for fall detection and prevention: challenges and open issues

본 논문에서는 Dr Gerald J. Holzmann이 제시하였던 커널 스케줄링 방식을 프로세스 알제브라 ACSR-VP를 이용해서 있음을 보인다. 본 오류는 SPIN을 통하여 역시 확인하였다. 이것을 다시 모델링하여 오류를 수정하였고 ACSR-VP와 SPIN으로 오류가 수정되었음을 확인하였다.

Holzmann의 ˝The Model Checker SPIN˝에 대하여

Video encryption has been heavily researched in the recent years. This survey summarizes the latest research results on video encryption with a special focus on applicability and on the most widely-deployed video format H.264 including its scalable extension SVC. The survey intends to give researchers and practitioners an analytic and critical overview of the state-of-the-art of video encryption narrowed down to its joint application with the H.264 standard suite and associated protocols (packaging/streaming) and processes (transcoding/watermarking).

/pdf/a-survey-of-h-264-avc-svc-encryption-1r171okq0l.pdf

A Survey of H.264 AVC/SVC Encryption

Accurate evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is increasingly challenging due to precise physical requirements and application-specific algorithmic demands at the same time. In our previous research, we have already demonstrated various conceptual details of how a combination of different network evaluation techniques can increase accuracy and validity of evaluation results. In this paper, we present a novel emulation technique in which the node's protocol stack is split horizontally while using a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) environment with real hardware at the Physical Layer (PHY) and radio channel, and Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) at the link layer and higher layers. Throughout the emulation setup, we are able to change specific parameters or even switch different radio functions from the simulation, thus allowing for physically accurate and highly configurable PHY integration.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3479242.3487319

Split-Protocol-Stack Wireless Network Emulation: Enabling PHY Modeling Diversity with Software-Radio-in-the-Loop

Password authentication protocols have been broadly deployed in client/server communication settings for its convenient usage and low costs of deployment. Nowadays peer-to-peer networks become increasingly popular, where the role of principals is symmetric (balanced), i.e. each principal acts not only as a client but also as a server. In this setting a robust and simple password authentication protocol is highly desired, since PKIs (Public Key Infrastructures) are not always available for authentication. In this paper, we present a simple password-authenticated key agreement protocol for the use in peer-to-peer communication paradigms. It fulfills the security requirements on password authentication protocols, and is resilient to passive and active attacks as well as dictionary attacks. The proposed scheme is more efficient than the well established protocols due to its simple design concept.

A Simple Balanced Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol

In this paper we propose a novel approach to secure enterprise Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) by leveraging the Software-defined Networking (SDN) paradigm to identify potentially malicious frames and counteract with reactive and proactive defense strategies. We exploit information from the Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers offered by current wireless chipsets to effectively localize transmitting clients. The Access Point (AP) association table is enhanced with localization information to differentiate between regular and malicious frames and create a so-called “virtual perimeter” to prevent WLAN access for clients from outside of a defined area. Our evaluation shows that the proposed solution succeeds in identifying WLAN Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, such as IEEE 802.11 deauthentication.

Identifying Malicious Traffic in Software-Defined Wireless Local Area Networks

Cooperation and interactions of mobile users is a characteristic feature of mobile collaborative applications. The users are located in different mobile communication networks or move in or among them, respectively. This requires horizontal and vertical handovers. The latter is required when the networks use different network technologies. Usually each mobile device independently chooses the most appropriate network for its purposes to switch to. In group-oriented applications this may lead to an uncoordinated network selection and as consequence to increased energy consumption. In this paper, we present a distributed vertical handover decision algorithm that coordinates the selection of the network among the mobile devices in order to ensure an optimal quality of service for the collaborative application and a low energy consumption of the involved mobile devices. The network selection is based on the calculation of a group benefit for each alternative network using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithm. The feasibility of the algorithm is evaluated regarding varying group sizes and resource requirements.

A Coordinated Group Decision for Vertical Handovers in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

The success and the acceptance of intrusion detection systems essentially depend on the accuracy of their analysis. Inaccurate signatures strongly trigger false alarms. In practice several thousand false alarms per month are reported which limit the successful deployment of intrusion detection systems. Most today deployed intrusion detection systems apply misuse detection as detection procedure. Misuse detection compares the recorded audit data with predefined patterns, the signatures. These are mostly empirically developed based on experience and knowledge of experts. Methods for a systematic development have been scarcely reported yet. A testing and correcting phase is required to improve the quality of the signatures. Signature testing is still a rather empirical process like signature development itself. There exists no test methodology so far. In this paper we present first approaches for a systematic test of signatures. We characterize the test objectives and present different test methods.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-540-73066-8_19.pdf

Hartmut Koenig

Papers

Split-Protocol-Stack Wireless Network Emulation: Enabling PHY Modeling Diversity with Software-Radio-in-the-Loop

A Simple Balanced Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol

Identifying Malicious Traffic in Software-Defined Wireless Local Area Networks

A Coordinated Group Decision for Vertical Handovers in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Towards systematic signature testing