Advanced Driver Assistance Systems from Autonomous to Cooperative Approach

A survey of present ivhs activities in Japan

The potential applications of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHSs) are evaluated, and the extent of use and the position of ANNs in future IVHS implementations are discussed The state of the art and the potential implementation needs of IVHSs are reviewed, and the characteristics, properties, limitations, and application domains of ANNs are discussed from a technical perspective On the basis of review and discussion, potential application domains of ANNs to IVHSs are evaluated A technical demand-supply matrix is provided to indicate the most possible potential application domains of ANNs to IVHSs As an application case study of ANNs in the implementation of IVHSs, an ANN-based model is established for vehicle travel time estimation The results and findings associated with the development of the neural network-based travel time estimation model are also reported It is concluded that (a) ANNs can provide most techniques needed by IVHSs, and (b) for some IVHS implementation domains, ANNs may be superior to conventional techniques The case study demonstrates the modeling feasibility of ANNs for potential IVHS implementations

Applications of artificial neural networks to intelligent vehicle-highway systems

This paper describes new driver-information systems that are suggested for cars of the 21st century and proposes a method for selecting them. This method will help government officials, product planners, engineers, designers, and scientists identify functions and features that will be most beneficial to drivers. The systems (functions) of interest were navigation, vehicle monitoring, traffic information, road-hazard warning, communications, motorist services, in-car signing, office functions, and entertainment. Features and information elements of these systems were identified and rated on three dimensions: effect on accidents, impact on traffic operations, and driver needs and wants. Based on the ranking of features, information about slick roads, accidents, congestion, construction, blocked views, emergency vehicles, and tire and brake problems would be particularly beneficial.

What functions and features should be in driver information systems of the year 2000

The Super Smart Vehicle System(SSVS) is information systems for drivers 20 - 30 years from now which are solutions to problems caused by automobiles and automobile traffic. The two year studies on the SSVS was begun in 1990 fiscal year under support by MITI. In this paper, first, present status and problems of automobiles and automobile traffic in Japan are described, and then, histories of information systems for automobiles and automobile traffic in Japan, which were efforts for the solutions, are explained. Japan has long histories in the information systems, where the CACS and the Intelligent Vehicle with machine vision were developed. The SSVS, integrating driver information systems and vehicle control systems, has been derived from a new concept of info-mobility, and the SSVS is realization of the info-mobility. The SSVS consists of 4 fields: information systems for a single vehicle, information systems for inter-vehicles, information systems for vehicle-to-road relations, and studies on vehicle-to-driver relations. Some of system candidates proposed for the SSVS are introduced.

Super smart vehicle system&#8212;Its concept and preliminary works

Info-mobility: a concept for advanced automotive functions toward the 21st century

This paper presents the info-mobility concepts for the Super Smart Vehicle System (SSVS). After a brief introduction to the info-mobility concept and its history, the CACS (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System) and the intelligent vehicles with machine vision are described. The SSVS is the information system for drivers and automobile driving in the next 20 to 30 years encompassing safety and efficiency. Following the outcome of the SSVS studies in 1990 and 1991, some of the system candidates proposed, relating mainly to advanced vehicle control systems, are explained in detail.

Research and development projects for info-mobility technologies

A demonstration on the cooperative driving with 5 automated vehicles was conducted in November 2000 as "Demo 2000 Cooperative Driving" to show the feasibility and potential of the technologies. In this paper the technological overview on the demonstration is described. The cooperative driving, aiming at the increase in the safety and throughput of road traffic, here means that automated vehicles drive in a flexible platoon with a short inter-vehicle distance over a couple of lanes. The vehicles for the demonstration are equipped with the RTK-GPS for the vehicle localization, a laser radar for the detection of an obstacle or a preceding vehicle, the inter-vehicle communication unit, and the onboard display for passenger to locate the neighboring vehicles. The localization data acquired at every 200 msec are employed for the lateral and longitudinal control of the automated vehicles with the precise map of the demonstration site. The data on the location and speed of each vehicle in the platoon and the location of an obstacle are transmitted at every 100 msec over the inter-vehicle communications. The protocol, nicknamed as DOLPHIN (Dedicated Omni-purpose inter-vehicle communication Linkage Protocol for Highway automatioN) after the ecology of the dolphins, is designed for the dedicated use in the demonstration, and is based on the CSMA with the 5.8 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). The 5 automated vehicles drove at 40 - 60 km/h on a test track according to the demonstration scenario including stop and go, platooning, lane changing, passing, merging, and obstacle detection and avoidance.

Demo 2000 cooperative driving: an overview

Some structural aspects on the "info-mobility" related projects in Japan

This paper introduces intelligent transportation systems (ITS) history and current activities in Japanese MITI, Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (MEL), a research institute belonging to MITI, and the Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Driving and Traffic (JSK), a foundation related to MITI established in 1979. JSK has a long history of ITS research covering automatic vehicle control systems (AVCS) since the 1960s and advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) since the 1970s and 80s. The activities in the ITS field place emphasis on research and development rather than deployment. MITI is also in charge of standardization including International Standards Organization (ISO)/TC204. ITS activities began with automatic driving in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, MITI and MEL conducted two projects; the Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control System (CATCS) and a vision-guided intelligent vehicle. In the 1980s, JSK conducted ATIS-related projects including a traveler information system combining a road-vehicle communication system and a cable television network in addition to a traveling time measurement system. MITI supervised research and development of an autonomous intelligent vehicle, the personal vehicle system (PVS). MITI conducted studies on the Super Smart Vehicle System (SSVS) from 1990 to 1992, which envision AVCS-related systems in 20 to 30 years that aim at compatibility of safety and efficiency of automobile driving and road traffic taking account of the aging society and environmental protection. The recent activities in MITI focus on AVCS, especially on vehicle-oriented AVCS, including automated highway systems and inter-vehicle communications. MEL is conducting fundamental research on image processing and driving control algorithms for AVCS, and JSK has a series of experiments on cooperative driving with inter-vehicle communication. In addition, JSK is conducting research on the effect of ITS technologies on energy conservation.

Haruki Fujii

Papers

Info-mobility: a concept for advanced automotive functions toward the 21st century

Research and development projects for info-mobility technologies

Demo 2000 cooperative driving: an overview

Some structural aspects on the "info-mobility" related projects in Japan

Its activities of japanese miti: avcs technologies in focus