Construction of multifunctional nonviral gene vectors to execute defined tasks holds great potential for the precise and effective treatment of gene-associated diseases. Herein, we have developed four large π-conjugation triphenylamine derivatives bearing two polar [12]aneN3 heads and a lipophilic tail for applications in gene delivery, one/two-photon-triggered near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence bioimaging, and combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gene therapy of cancer. These compounds possess typical NIR aggregation-induced emission characteristics, mega Stokes shifts, strong two-photon excitation fluorescence, and excellent DNA condensation abilities. Among them, vector 4 with a tail of n-hexadecane realized a transfection efficiency as high as 6.7 times that of the commercial transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000 in HEK293T cell lines. Using vector 4 as an example, transfection process tracking and ex vivo/in vivo tumoral imaging and retention with high resolution, high brightness, deep tissue penetration, and good biosafety were demonstrated. In addition, efficient singlet oxygen (1O2) generation by the DNA complex formed by vector 4 (4/DNA) resulted in effective PDT. Combined with anticancer gene therapy, collaborative cancer treatment with a dramatically enhanced cancer cell-killing effect was achieved. The development of this "three birds, one stone" approach suggests a new and promising strategy for better cancer treatment and real-time tracking of gene delivery.

Two-Photon Near-Infrared AIE Luminogens as Multifunctional Gene Carriers for Cancer Theranostics.

New hexa-bodipy functionalized dendrimeric cyclotriphosphazene conjugates as highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensor for Co 2+ ions

Functionalizing carbon nitride with heavy atom-free spin converters for enhanced 1O2 generation

Basic structural modifications for improving the practical properties of BODIPY

BisBODIPY as PCT-based halogen free photosensitizers for highly efficient excited triplet state and singlet oxygen formation: Tuning the efficiency by different linking positions

Preparation of BODIPY- fullerene and monostyryl BODIPY-fullerene dyads as heavy atom free singlet oxygen generators

Novel types of mono- and bis-distyryl-BODIPY–fullerene dyads, 6 and 7, were prepared by Bingel cyclopropanation. Distyryl-BODIPY derivative (3) was reacted with methyl malonyl chloride and malonyl dichloride respectively for the synthesis of compounds 4 and 5 as light-harvesting antennae that contain one and two BODIPY units. Through the Bingel cyclopropanation of these BODIPYs (4 and 5) with fullerene-C60 in the presence of CBr4 and DBU, distyryl-BODIPY–fullerene dyads 6 and 7 were obtained. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by MALDI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Moreover, the photophysical and photochemical properties of these heavy atom free dyads were investigated for the determination of their photosensitizer and fluorescence abilities in the near IR region to generate singlet oxygen.

Novel distyryl BODIPY–fullerene dyads: preparation, characterization and photosensitized singlet oxygen generation efficiency

Using the gamma spectroscopy system, it can be determined whether environmental samples or standard radioactive sources are radioactive, and from which elements their radioactivity originates. The purpose of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is to model a real-life system with its inputs and evaluate the outputs with real results. This study calculates the experimental efficiency of a p-type HPGe detector using a 0.5 g/cc Epoxy Matrix Marinelli beaker and compares these results with GESPECOR and PHITS MC Simulation programs. Thus, the thickness of the dead layer, which thickens over time and affects the detector efficiency, was determined from the most compatible result of the MC calculations made repeatedly at various alternative thicknesses to the experimental results. For 1.5 mm dead layer thickness, less than 2 % error was found between the test and MC results, especially at energies above 165 keV. As a result, it was determined that the dead layer thickness of the detector reached 1.5 mm with an increase of 114 % after its production. The current value of the dead layer thickness of each detector should be checked, as the efficiency affects the determination of the activity.

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Hasan Ünlü

Papers

Preparation of BODIPY- fullerene and monostyryl BODIPY-fullerene dyads as heavy atom free singlet oxygen generators

Novel distyryl BODIPY–fullerene dyads: preparation, characterization and photosensitized singlet oxygen generation efficiency

Comparison of Experimental and Monte Carlo Efficiencies of 0.5g/cc Epoxy Matrix Marinelli Source with Multiple Radioactive Nuclides

Monte Carlo simulation study on the cause of the formation of the efficiency curve at low energies in germanium detectors.