Background: The prevention and correction of vitamin D deficiency requires a precise depiction of the current situation and identification of risk factors in each region. The present study attempted to determine these entities using a systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran.Methods: Articles published online in Persian and English between 2000 and November 1, 2016, were reviewed. This was carried out using national databases such as SID, IranMedex, Magiran, and IranDoc and international databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The heterogeneity index among the studies was determined using the Cochran (Q) and I2 test. Based on the heterogeneity results, the random-effect model was applied to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. In addition, meta-regression analysis was used to determine heterogeneity-suspected factors, and the Egger test was applied to identify publication bias.Results: The meta-analysis of 48 studies identified 18531 individuals with vitamin D deficiency. According to the random-effect model, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among male, female, and pregnant women was estimated to be 45.64% (95% CI: 29.63 to 61.65), 61.90% (95% CI: 48.85 to 74.96), and 60.45% (95% CI: 23.73 to 97.16), respectively. The results of the meta-regression analysis indicated that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly different in various geographical regions (β=4.4; P=0.023).Conclusion: The results obtained showed a significant prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the Iranian population, a condition to be addressed by appropriate planning.

https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_40519_bddbb66fd289d778d066f4defa465364.pdf

High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background 
Early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is essential for improved prognosis and effective delay of clinical complications. However, testing for high glycemia often requires invasive and painful blood testing, limiting its large-scale applicability. We have combined new, unpublished data with published data comparing salivary glucose levels in type 2 DM patients and controls and/or looked at the correlation between salivary glucose and glycemia/HbA1c to systematically review the effectiveness of salivary glucose to estimate glycemia and HbA1c. We further discuss salivary glucose as a biomarker for large-scale screening of diabetes or developing type 2 DM.


Methods and Findings 
We conducted a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed published articles that reported data regarding mean salivary glucose levels and/or correlation between salivary glucose levels and glycemia or HbA1c for type 2 DM and non-diabetic individuals and combined them with our own unpublished results. Our global meta-analysis of standardized mean differences on salivary glucose levels shows an overall large positive effect of type 2 DM over salivary glucose (Hedge's g = 1.37). The global correlation coefficient (r) between salivary glucose and glycemia was large (r = 0.49), with subgroups ranging from medium (r = 0.30 in non-diabetics) to very large (r = 0.67 in diabetics). Meta-analysis of the global correlation between salivary glucose and HbA1c showed an overall association of medium strength (r = 0.37).


Conclusions 
Our systematic review reports an overall meaningful salivary glucose concentration increase in type 2 DM and a significant overall relationship between salivary glucose concentration and associated glycemia/HbA1c values, with the strength of the correlation increasing for higher glycemia/HbA1c values. These results support the potential of salivary glucose levels as a biomarker for type 2 DM, providing a less painful/invasive method for screening type 2 DM, as well as for monitoring blood glucose levels in large cohorts of DM patients.

/pdf/effect-of-diabetes-mellitus-type-2-on-salivary-glucose-a-ov6srpf949.pdf

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 on Salivary Glucose – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Objective: To determine the long-term effect of a randomized controlled trial of a dairy-rich diet on generalized and abdominal obesity, as well as on the components of the metabolic syndrome, among obese prepubescent children.Methods: This trial was conducted among a population-based sample of 120 obese prepubescent children who were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number. In addition to attending 6 consecutive monthly family-centered education sessions about healthy lifestyle, an isocaloric dairy-rich diet (>800 mg ca/d) was recommended to the children of one group (DR: dairy-rich diet), the second group was placed on a caloric-restricted regimen (ER: energy-restricted), and the third group received no additional recommendation (C: controls). The groups were then followed-up twice a year for 3 years.Results: The mean age of the children was 5.6 ± 0.5 years. Of 120 participants, 95 (75%) completed the study; the DR group had the highest retention rate. In all groups, body mass index-standard devia...

http://doc.mui.ac.ir/images/folder%2021/ghalb.pdf.306.pdf

Can a Dairy-Rich Diet Be Effective in Long-Term Weight Control of Young Children?

Background:The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Iranian community is very high. Women and older people are at the higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.Aim:This study aimed to estimate the p...

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a novel way of describing diet that has been studied in relation to various health conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) in several populations. We aimed to investigate the association between DII and CVD events among a representative population sample in northeastern Iran. This prospective cohort study was a subsample of 4,672 adults aged 35-65 years, and recruited as part of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder cohort study population. The DII was computed at baseline according to a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox regression was used to determine the association of DII with incident CVD. One hundred twenty-four participants developed CVD (including 24 cases of myocardial infarction [MI], 34 cases of stable angina [SA], and 66 cases of unstable angina [UA]). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a hazard ratios of 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.70-1.60), 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-3.52), 1.33 (95% confidence interval: 0.60-2.94), and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.48-1.53) were found for total CVD, MI, SA, and UA events, respectively, among the participants with proinflammatory diet (DII ≥ 0) versus those with anti-inflammatory diet (DII < 0). There was no statistically significant association between the DII and total CVD, MI, SA, or UA in this population of middle-aged Iranian men and women.

https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iub.2172

Association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder study population.

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Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Kashan, Iran

Is vitamin d deficiency prevalent in healthy 6-yearold children in isfahan city?

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/pdf/high-prevalence-of-congenital-hypothyroidism-in-isfahan-iran-1b3yj4p16w.pdf

Hashemipour Mahin

Papers

Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Kashan, Iran

Is vitamin d deficiency prevalent in healthy 6-yearold children in isfahan city?

High prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Isfahan, Iran

Comparision of the Recall Rate Using Two Different Diagnostic Criteria at Isfahan Screening Program for Congenital Hypothyroidism

The effectiveness of multidimentional psychological treatment in enhancing the adherence to medical treatment in adolescents with type 1 diabetes