The study aimed to investigate the reasons that led the farmers ’abstention from agricultural work in Al-Zawiya sub-district in Baiji Governorate / Salah Al-Din Governorate in general. Then, find out the reasons Which led to farmers' ’abstention to work in every field of study. As well as determining the correlation relationship between the reasons for farmers ’ ’abstention and each of the following independent variables (age, educational level, years of work in agriculture, working in other occupations, attitude towards agricultural work, communication with sources of information). There for, the research community included (201) farmers reluctant to practice agricultural work. Thus, we chose a random sample of farmers at a rate of (40%), so that the number of respondents who were subjected to the research reached (80) farmers who are not ready to work in agriculture. The results showed an increase in the abstention of farmers to farm work. We can conclude from this that there are real reasons that led to these results in an area, in spite fertile land for agriculture. The results also showed the existence of a significant correlation between the reasons for farmers' abstention from agricultural work and a set of independent variables. The researchers conclude the importance of these factors and the depth of their influence in increasing or decreasing causes of abstinence. We recommended the authorities, especially the Ministry of Agriculture, to develop solutions to the obstacles that make farmers stop agricultural work.

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The reasons for farmers' reluctance to parctice the agricultural profession in al –zawiya sub-district /slahaldin governoate

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Comparative study of organic agriculture in iraq and poland - rules and effectiveness of poultry rearing

The research aimed to identify the knowledge levels of the Duhok Agriculture employees on integrated Pest Management (IPM) fields. The correlation between the degree of employee knowledge and some independent variables identified. And to identify some personal and functional characteristics of the researchers consisted of two parts. The first part which contained the independent variables of the respondents and the second part included a test the level of knowledge of agricultural employees in the field of IPM including 38 items distributed over the 6 parts: 1. General principles 2. Control by agricultural methods 3. Physical control 4. Biological control. 5. Legislative control 6. Chemical control. Data were collected through a personal interview with simple random samples of agricultural employees, representing 25% of the total of 52 respondents. The results showed that the degree of knowledge of Duhok agriculture employees in the field of integrated management in general was moderate and tends to high. Moreover, employees’ knowledge in the field of biological control and their lack of experience with regard to biological enemies, predators and parasites was low. On the other hand, there were a significant correlation between the degree of knowledge of the respondents and each of the independent variables, (the number of family members, specialization, education level, and previous training). On the other hand, there was no correlation with other variables (Age, gender, work location, upbringing, number years of agricultural service, years of preventive agricultural service, Job title, and Information sources in the field of integrated pest management). The researcher recommended that the necessity of paying attention to the topic of IPM through expanding the scope of seminars and extension to increase the knowledge and information of agricultural employees, and work to prepare and implement the intensive and specialized training programs carried by the Ministry of Agriculture in

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Hashim Saeed Murad

Papers

Knowledge level of agricultural employees in duhok directorate on integrated pest management