Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis.

Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: A review.

Solid-phase extraction: method development, sorbents, and coupling with liquid chromatography

Diagnostic potential of breath analysis—focus on volatile organic compounds

Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology

Microextraction of drugs

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation method developed to solve some of the analytical challenges of sample preparation as well as sample introduction and integration of different analytical steps into one system. Since its development, the utilization of SPME has addressed the need to facilitate rapid sample preparation and integrate sampling, extraction, concentration and sample introduction to an analytical instrument into one solvent-free step. This achievement resulted in fast adoption of the technique in many fields of analytical chemistry and successful hyphenation to continuously developing sophisticated separation and detection systems. However, the facilitation of high-quality analytical methods in combination with SPME requires optimization of the parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of this sample preparation method. Therefore, the objective of the current protocol is to provide a detailed sequence of SPME optimization steps that can be applied toward development of SPME methods for a wide range of analytical applications.

Heather L. Lord

Papers

Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis.

Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology

Microextraction of drugs

Protocol for solid-phase microextraction method development

Fundamentals and applications of needle trap devices: A critical review