1. Type 1 diabetes (due to b-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) 2. Type 2 diabetes (due to a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance) 3. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes) 4. Specific types of diabetes due to other causes, e.g., monogenic diabetes syndromes (such as neonatal diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]), diseases of the exocrine pancreas (such as cystic fibrosis), and drugor chemical-induced diabetes (such as in the treatment of HIV/AIDS or after organ transplantation)

Classification and diagnosis of diabetes

[Crohn's disease].

Purpose The National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) is a cohort of participants who participated in health screening programmes provided by the NHIS in the Republic of Korea The NHIS constructed the NHIS-HEALS cohort database in 2015 The purpose of this cohort is to offer relevant and useful data for health researchers, especially in the field of non-communicable diseases and health risk factors, and policy-maker Participants To construct the NHIS-HEALS database, a sample cohort was first selected from the 2002 and 2003 health screening participants, who were aged between 40 and 79 in 2002 and followed up through 2013 This cohort included 514 866 health screening participants who comprised a random selection of 10% of all health screening participants in 2002 and 2003 Findings to date The age-standardised prevalence of anaemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and abnormal urine protein were 98%, 82%, 356%, 27%, 142% and 20%, respectively The age-standardised mortality rate for the first 2 years (through 2004) was 4420 per 100 000 person-years, while the rate for 10 years (through 2012) was 8659 per 100 000 person-years The most common cause of death was malignant neoplasm in both sexes (3641 per 100 000 person-years for men, 1283 per 100 000 person-years for women) Future plans This database can be used to study the risk factors of non-communicable diseases and dental health problems, which are important health issues that have not yet been fully investigated The cohort will be maintained and continuously updated by the NHIS

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/7/9/e016640.full.pdf

Cohort profile: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) in Korea

https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/75449085/1_s2.0_S0735109718335289_main.pdf

Cardiovascular Events Associated With SGLT-2 Inhibitors Versus Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs: The CVD-REAL 2 Study

While immunosuppressive agents are used widely in the management of Crohn's disease, their efficacy has not been well established in randomised controlled trials. This study was designed to examine whether azathioprine increases remission rate when used in conjunction with a diminishing dose regimen of prednisolone over a period of 12 weeks. It further examined whether azathioprine offers any therapeutic advantage over placebo in the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease over a period of 15 months. Sixty three patients with active Crohn's disease were treated with a 12 weeks diminishing dose of prednisolone and at the same time entered into a randomised, double blind 15 month trial of either azathioprine (2.5 mg/kg) or placebo. Remission rates between the two groups were compared at 12 weeks and at 15 months. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who had achieved and maintained remission by week 12 but at 15 months there was a highly significant difference in the proportion of patients in remission (42% receiving azathioprine v 7% receiving placebo), p = 0.001. Using life tables this beneficial effect was reflected as the difference in the median number of days on the trial (p = 0.02). There were significantly greater decreases over the trial period in the median erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, and leucocyte count in the azathioprine group. There were no cases of severe bone marrow suppression or clinical pancreatitis. In conclusion, azathioprine offers a therapeutic advantage over placebo in the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

A controlled double blind study of azathioprine in the management of Crohn??s disease

Seong, Sang Cheol; Kim, Yeon-Yong; Khang, Young-Ho; Park, Jong Heon; Kang, Hee-Jin; Lee, Heeyoung; Do, Cheol-Ho; Song, Jong-Sun; Bang, Ji Hyon; Ha, Seongjun; Lee, Eun-Joo; Shin, Soon AeOctober, 2016Data resource profile,Articles,[Wentworthville, Australia]International Epidemiological Association,6

/pdf/data-resource-profile-the-national-health-information-16jydps41h.pdf

Data resource profile The national health information database of the national health insurance service in South Korea

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an uncertain etiopathogenesis. CD can involve any site of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, and is associated with serious complications, such as bowel strictures, perforations, and fistula formation. The incidence and prevalence rates of CD in Korea are still lower compared with those in Western countries, but they have been rapidly increasing during the recent decades. Although there are no definitive curative modalities for CD, various medical and surgical therapies have been applied for the treatment of this disease. Concerning CD management, there have been substantial discrepancies among clinicians according to their personal experience and preference. To suggest recommendable approaches to the diverse problems of CD and to minimize the variations in treatment among physicians, guidelines for the management of CD were first published in 2012 by the IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. These are the revised guidelines based on updated evidence, accumulated since 2012. These guidelines were developed by using mainly adaptation methods, and encompass induction and maintenance treatment of CD, treatment based on disease location, treatment of CD complications, including stricture and fistula, surgical treatment, and prevention of postoperative recurrence. These are the second Korean guidelines for the management of CD and will be continuously revised as new evidence is collected.

/pdf/second-korean-guidelines-for-the-management-of-crohn-s-2bziz4udsk.pdf

Second Korean guidelines for the management of Crohn's disease

Context: The identification of modifiable factors at prepregnancy or early pregnancy as well as continued monitoring and management of these factors before and during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among women, regardless of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status. Objective: This study aimed to identify prepregnancy factors for the development of DM in women with or without GDM in their first pregnancy. Design and Participants: This retrospective, observational, cohort study included data for 53 109 women who underwent a National Health Screening Examination through the National Health Insurance Corporation between 2002 and 2003 and had their first delivery in 2004 with follow-up until 2012. Main Outcomes: The main outcome of the study was the risk of developing DM after 8 years in women with and without GDM during their first pregnancy. Results: The cumulative risks of developing DM after 8 years were 8.4% and 3.3% in women with and without GDM during their first pregnan...

/pdf/prepregnancy-factors-as-determinants-of-the-development-of-ptdfnojykc.pdf

Prepregnancy Factors as Determinants of the Development of Diabetes Mellitus After First Pregnancy

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an uncertain etiopathogenesis. CD can involve any site of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, and is associated with serious complications, such as bowel strictures, perforations, and fistula formation. The incidence and prevalence rates of CD in Korea are still lower compared with those in Western countries, but they have been rapidly increasing during the recent decades. Although there are no definitive curative modalities for CD, various medical and surgical therapies have been applied for the treatment of this disease. Concerning CD management, there have been substantial discrepancies among clinicians according to their personal experience and preference. To suggest recommendable approaches to the diverse problems of CD and to minimize the variations in treatment among physicians, guidelines for the management of CD were first published in 2012 by the IBD Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of the Intestinal Diseases. These are the revised guidelines based on updated evidence, accumulated since 2012. These guidelines were developed by using mainly adaptation methods, and encompass induction and maintenance treatment of CD, treatment based on disease location, treatment of CD complications, including stricture and fistula, surgical treatment, and prevention of postoperative recurrence. These are the second Korean guidelines for the management of CD and will be continuously revised as new evidence is collected.

/pdf/second-korean-guidelines-for-the-management-of-crohn-s-56q9inm9nj.pdf

Heeyoung Lee

Papers

Data resource profile The national health information database of the national health insurance service in South Korea

Second Korean guidelines for the management of Crohn's disease

Prepregnancy Factors as Determinants of the Development of Diabetes Mellitus After First Pregnancy

Second Korean Guidelines for the Management of Crohn's Disease