The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.

Handbook of Mentalizing in Mental Health Practice

The Golden Cage: The Enigma of Anorexia Nervosa

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Integrated Treatment for Dual Disorders. A Guide to Effective Practice

This brochure talks about eating disorders, outlining the main types, possible causes, treatment options and where to go for help.

What is an eating disorder

AimsThis study reviews literature on comorbidity of drug use disorders (DUD) and eating disorders (ED). The article updates knowledge on the occurrence of comorbidity of these diagnoses.MethodsThe databases Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between 1990 and May 2011, with combinations of the terms ‘eating disorder’, ‘substance-related disorder’, ‘drug dependence’, ‘drug abuse’, ‘drug addiction’ and ‘substance abuse’. This generated altogether 596 studies. Studies in which diagnostic DUD and ED were not assessed in the same sample or the result was not given in percentages were excluded. Thirteen studies remained.ResultsIn 11 of the 13 studies, the participants were initially diagnosed with an eating disorder. The prevalence of lifetime drug use disorders varies from 8–43 %. In two studies, DUD is the initial diagnosis, and the participants report 14 % concurrent and 27.3% lifetime ED. The most prevalent co-occurring diagnoses tend to be bulimia nervosa/bingeing-purging anore...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2478/v10199-012-0024-9

Comorbid drug use disorders and eating disorders — a review of prevalence studies:

AimsThis study investigates the prevalence of use of doping agents and symptoms of eating disorders among patients in drug addiction treatment. The aim is also to look for characteristics of the groups reporting the use of doping agents or symptoms of eating disorders.DesignA survey including questions on exercise, the use of doping agents and Eating Disorder Inventory-2 was administered in a Norwegian drug addiction facility. The study included 109 patients in residential drug treatment, 30 females and 79 males (ranging from 17 to 50 years old).Results–Symptoms of eating disorders were reported by 33 percent of the females and 7.6 percent of the males. Previous use of doping agents (anabolic-androgenic steroids in particular) was reported by 40.5 percent of the men and 20 percent of the women. The results are discussed in light of the theory on emotion regulation, gender and cultural expectations, drug treatment as a liminal phase and similarities to drug addiction.ConclusionsThe symptoms of eating disor...

Use of doping agents and symptoms of eating disorders among male and female patients in drug addiction treatment

The use and understanding of anabolic steroids and other doping agents have changed in recent years. Associations between illicit drug use and the use of doping agents have been highlighted, but less attention has been given to the relationship between drug abuse treatment and associated body practices. In this study we looked at different experiences with, and understandings of, physical exercise and the use of doping agents. The study draws on interviews with nine young men, 22 to 35 years old, who are patients in residential substance abuse treatment in Norway. The phenomenological analysis showed various meanings of doping agents, some of which have previously not been fully described–namely the use of doping agents for transforming an emaciated drug user’s body into a muscular body and the use of doping agents for getting high. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of gender and embodiment, as well as theories of affect regulation and mentalization.

Body Practices Among Male Drug Abusers. Meanings of Workout and use of Doping Agents in a Drug Treatment Setting

The aim of this study is to measure and describe symptoms of eating disorders among females in treatment for drug addiction in Norway. Previous clinical and epidemiological studies have revealed coprevalence between eating disorders and substance use or abuse. However, few studies have measured eating disorders in drug-using samples and even fewer within the context of drug treatment. In this study, 29 females with drug use disorder in residential treatment were tested with the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. A subgroup of 9 females (31%) with significant symptoms of eating disorders was identified. The characteristics of this group and possible clinical consequences are discussed.

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Among Females in Drug Addiction Treatment

Abstract Background Systematic reviews are increasingly used to inform decision‐making in health, education, social care and environmental protection. However, decision makers still experience barriers to using reviews, including not knowing how findings might translate to their own contexts, and lack of collaboration with systematic review authors. The TRANSFER approach is a novel method that aims to support review authors to systematically and transparently collaborate with stakeholders to consider context and the transferability of review findings from the beginning of the review process. Such collaboration is intended to improve the usefulness and relevance of review findings for decision makers. Objectives We aim to explore the user experience of the TRANSFER approach conversation guide, and in doing so gain a better understanding of the role and perceived value of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews for informed decision‐making. Methods We conducted four user tests of groups using the guide, organized around simulated meetings between review authors and stakeholders. Review authors led the meeting using the TRANSFER approach conversation guide. We audio‐recorded and observed the meetings, collected feedback forms and conducted semi‐structured interviews with review authors following the meeting. We analysed the data using framework analysis to examine the user experience of the TRANSFER approach conversation guide and of stakeholder engagement more generally. Results Seventeen participants in four user groups participated in the user tests. Most participants were generally positive toward the structured approach using the conversation guide, and felt it would be useful in systematic review projects. We observed examples of misunderstanding of the terminology included in the guide, and received multiple suggestions for how to make the conversation guide more user friendly. We observed numerous challenges related to the hypothetical nature of a user test, including lack of familiarity with the review question/topic among participants and lack of preparation for the meeting. Conclusions Review authors and stakeholders are positive toward using a structured approach to guide collaboration within the context of a systematic review. The TRANSFER conversation guide helps participants to discuss the review question and context in a structured way. Such structured collaboration could help to improve the usefulness and relevance of systematic reviews for decision making by improving the review question, inclusion criteria and consideration of transferability of review findings. The conversation guide needs to be modified to improve user experience. Further research is needed to explore stakeholder collaboration and the use of the TRANSFER conversation guide in systematic review processes.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cl2.1284

Heid Nøkleby

Papers

Comorbid drug use disorders and eating disorders — a review of prevalence studies:

Use of doping agents and symptoms of eating disorders among male and female patients in drug addiction treatment

Body Practices Among Male Drug Abusers. Meanings of Workout and use of Doping Agents in a Drug Treatment Setting

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Among Females in Drug Addiction Treatment

User experiences of structured stakeholder engagement to consider transferability: The TRANSFER approach