Importance The increasing burden due to cancer and other noncommunicable diseases poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan on Non-Communicable Diseases. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. Objective To assess the burden for 29 cancer groups over time to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. Evidence Review Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were evaluated for 195 countries and territories by age and sex using the Global Burden of Disease study estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, as well as by the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were categorized by changes due to epidemiological vs demographic transition. Findings In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Cancer cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallest increase was seen in high SDI countries. Globally, population aging contributed 17%; population growth, 12%; and changes in age-specific rates, −1% to this change. The most common incident cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million cases). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million incident cases, 535 000 deaths, and 14.9 million DALYs). In 2016, cancer caused 213.2 million DALYs globally for both sexes combined. Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 130 of 195 countries or territories, and the average annual age-standardized death rates decreased within that timeframe in 143 of 195 countries or territories. Conclusions and Relevance Large disparities exist between countries in cancer incidence, deaths, and associated disability. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for noncommunicable disease and cancer control.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/articlepdf/2752381/jamaoncology_fitzmaurice_2019_oi_190065_1611691230.74331.pdf

Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Objective The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase by 60% to more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. In this study, we aim to describe the recent CRC incidence and mortality patterns and trends linking the findings to the prospects of reducing the burden through cancer prevention and care. Design Estimates of sex-specific CRC incidence and mortality rates in 2012 were extracted from the GLOBOCAN database. Temporal patterns were assessed for 37 countries using data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) volumes I–X and the WHO mortality database. Trends were assessed via the annual percentage change using joinpoint regression and discussed in relation to human development levels. Results CRC incidence and mortality rates vary up to 10-fold worldwide, with distinct gradients across human development levels, pointing towards widening disparities and an increasing burden in countries in transition. Generally, CRC incidence and mortality rates are still rising rapidly in many low-income and middle-income countries; stabilising or decreasing trends tend to be seen in highly developed countries where rates remain among the highest in the world. Conclusions Patterns and trends in CRC incidence and mortality correlate with present human development levels and their incremental changes might reflect the adoption of more western lifestyles. Targeted resource-dependent interventions, including primary prevention in low-income, supplemented with early detection in high-income settings, are needed to reduce the number of patients with CRC in future decades.

https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/66/4/683.full.pdf

Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality

There are limited published data on recent cancer incidence and mortality trends worldwide. We used the International Agency for Research on Cancer's CANCERMondial clearinghouse to present age-standardized cancer incidence and death rates for 2003-2007. We also present trends in incidence through 2007 and mortality through 2012 for select countries from five continents. High-income countries (HIC) continue to have the highest incidence rates for all sites, as well as for lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, although some low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) now count among those with the highest rates. Mortality rates from these cancers are declining in many HICs while they are increasing in LMICs. LMICs have the highest rates of stomach, liver, esophageal, and cervical cancer. Although rates remain high in HICs, they are plateauing or decreasing for the most common cancers due to decreases in known risk factors, screening and early detection, and improved treatment (mortality only). In contrast, rates in several LMICs are increasing for these cancers due to increases in smoking, excess body weight, and physical inactivity. LMICs also have a disproportionate burden of infection-related cancers. Applied cancer control measures are needed to reduce rates in HICs and arrest the growing burden in LMICs.

/pdf/global-cancer-incidence-and-mortality-rates-and-trends-an-12t0xoh9s5.pdf

Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends—An Update

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

https://www.europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(16)30280-9/pdf/bladder-cancer-incidence-and-mortality-a-global-overview-and-recent-trends

Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends

In October, 2015, 22 scientists from ten countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, to evaluate the carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. These assessments will be published in volume 114 of the IARC Monographs.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02422048/document

Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat

The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70134-8 Article Info  Summary  Full Text  Tables and Figures  References In March, 2015, 17 experts from 11 countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Lyon, France) to assess the carcinogenicity of the organophosphate pesticides tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate (table). These assessments will be published as volume 112 of the IARC Monographs.

Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate

Monograph Working Group Members V J Cogliano (USA)–Chair; K Aronson, H Tryphonas (Canada); Y L Guo (Taiwan, China); M Machala (Czech Republic); E C Bonefeld-Jørgensen, K Vorkamp (Denmark) J P Cravedi, B Le Bizec, J F Narbonne (France); H Esch (Germany); P Cocco, F Merletti (Italy); R Vermeulen (unable to attend; Netherlands); A Agudo (Spain); N Johansson (Sweden); H Fiedler, N Hopf (Switzerland); H P Glauert, R A Herbert, M O James, G Ludewig, L Robertson, A Ruder, N Walker (USA)

/pdf/carcinogenicity-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-and-mw2dyni31y.pdf

Carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls

/pdf/carcinogenicity-of-fluoro-edenite-silicon-carbide-fibres-and-9nlqu66u4b.pdf

Heidi Mattock

Papers

Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat

The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution.

Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate

Carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls

Carcinogenicity of fluoro-edenite, silicon carbide fibres and whiskers, and carbon nanotubes