Brewers' spent grain : generation, characteristics and potential applications

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product generated from the beer-brewing process, representing approximately 85% of the total by-products obtained. This material is basically constituted by the barley grain husks obtained as solid residue after the wort production. Since BSG is rich in sugars and proteins, the main and quickest alternative for elimination of this industrial by-product has been as animal feed. However, BSG is a raw material of interest for application in different areas because of its low cost, large availability throughout the year and valuable chemical composition. In the last decade, many efforts have been directed towards the reuse of BSG, taking into account the incentive that has been given to recycle the wastes and by-products generated by industrial activities. Currently, many interesting and advantageous methods for application of BSG in foods, in energy production and in chemical and biotechnological processes have been reported. The present study presents and discusses the most recent perspectives for BSG application in such areas.

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Brewer's spent grain: a valuable feedstock for industrial applications

Waste Related to the Food Industry: A Challenge in Material Loops.- to Food Waste Treament: The 14001 Standards.- Basic Unit Operations in Wastewater Treatment.- Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues and Wastes.- Fundamentals and Applications of Anaerobic Digestion For Sustainable Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater.- Fermentation of Distiller's Wash in a Biogas Plant.- Brewery and Winery Wastewater Treatment: Some Focal Points of Design and Operation.- Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment.- Anaerobic Degradation of Animal By-Products.- Utilization of Whey.- Utilization of Plant By-Products for the Recovery of Proteins, Dietary Fibers, Antioxidants, and Colorants.- Utilization of By-Products in the Fish Industry.- Examples of Special Case Studies in Different Branches.- Incineration of Solid Food Waste: A Project About Spent Grain.- Composting of Food and Agricultural Wastes.

Utilization of by-products and treatment of waste in the food industry

Development of eco-friendly porous fired clay bricks using pore-forming agents: a review.

The review tackles common diatomite, its characterization, modifications and its composites, heavy metal toxicity and its immobilization techniques using diatomite, other important applications of diatomite.

http://gaia.pge.utexas.edu/papers/diatomitecharacterization.pdf

Diatomite: Its Characterization, Modifications and Applications

Application of spent grains to increase porosity in bricks

Kieselguhr sludge is generated during the filtration of beverages. Currently, the most frequent disposal method is to spread the used kieselguhr over agricultural land. This is not a satisfactory solution to the problem of disposal. Kieselguhr consists primarily of SiO 2 , part of which occurs in the amorphous form. The goal of this research was to determine whether kieselguhr sludge can be effectively utilized in the fabrication of calcium silicate bricks, and to what extent the kieselguhr sludge plays a role in the reaction mechanisms of the hardening process. Furthermore, the influence of carbonation on calcium silicate bricks produced using kieselguhr sludge was investigated, as well as what effect the preservatives in kieselguhr sludge might have on the entire calcium silicate complex. The laboratory results were subsequently confirmed on an industrial level with a large-scale experiment.

Kieselguhr sludge from the deep bed filtration of beverages as a source for silicon in the production of calcium silicate bricks

The invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of kieselguhr, whereby at least one chemical crystal inhibitor is added before or during the treatment. Potassium compounds are preferably used as chemical crystal inhibitors. Calcium ions can favour the formation of the crystal phase. Said treatment gives a kieselguhr with a combustion loss of less than 2 %, comprising less than 1 % crystalline silicon dioxide. Said kieselguhr is particularly suitable for the thorough filtration of liquid media.

Method for the thermal treatment of kieselguhr, thermally-treated kieselguhr and use of such a kieselguhr

Bei einem Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Kieselgur wird vor oder wahrend der thermischen Behandlung der Kieselgur mindestens ein kristallchemischer Inhibitor zugegeben. Vorzugsweise werden als kristall chemischer Inhibitor Kaliumverbindungen zugegeben. Calziumionen konnen die Kristallphasenbildung begunstigen. Eine derartige Behandlung fuhrt zu einer Kieselgur mit einem Gluhverlust von unter 2 %, die weniger als 1 % kristallines Siliziumdioxid aufweist. Eine derartige Kieselgur eignet sich insbesondere zur Tiefenfiltartion von flussigen Medien.

Heinrich Mörtel

Papers

Application of spent grains to increase porosity in bricks

Kieselguhr sludge from the deep bed filtration of beverages as a source for silicon in the production of calcium silicate bricks

Method for the thermal treatment of kieselguhr, thermally-treated kieselguhr and use of such a kieselguhr

Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung von kieselgur,thermisch behandelte kieselgur und verwendung einer derartigen kieselgur.