With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

Contemporary Sociology 7(5) (September 1978):566—68. When the intellectual history of our times comes to be written, that peculiarly Left Bank mixture of Marxism and structuralism now in fashion will be among the most puzzlingofourideastoevaluate.Aliteral “archeology of knowledge” (the title of one of Foucault’s earlier books) will be required to sort out the valuable from the obvious rubbish. I suspect that in this exercise the iconographers of the present (like Barthes) will fare less well than those who have read the past. Of such “historians” (a description which does not really cover his method) Foucault is the most dazzlingly creative. Discipline and Punish (which, shamefully, has taken over two years to be translated into English) follows Madness and Civilization (1961) and The Birth of the Clinic (1971) as the next stage in Foucault’s massive project of tracing the genealogy of control institutions (asylums, teaching hospitals, prisons) and the human sciences symbiotically linked with them (psychiatry, clinical medicine, criminology, penology). His concern throughout is the relationship between power and knowledge, the articulation of each on the other. Here (as he makes explicit in an interview recently published in the English journal, Radical Philosophy) he opposes the humanist position that, once we gain power, we cease to know——it makes us blind—— and that only those who keep their distance from power, who are no way implicated in tyranny, can attain the truth. For Foucault, such forms of knowledge as psychiatry and criminology (with its “garrulous discourses” and “intermidable [sic] repetitions”) are directly related to the exercise of power. Power itself creates new objects of knowledge and accumulates new bodies of information. Thus to “liberate scientific research from the demands of monopoly capitalism” can only be a slogan. Placing such programmatic Big Issues on one side, though, a superficial first reading of the book mightstartatthelevelofitssubtitle, “The Birth of the Prison.” The key historical transition——at the end of the eighteenth century——is from punishment as torture, a public spectacle, to the more economically and politically discreet prison sentence. The body as the major target of penal repression disappears: within a few decades, the grisly spectacles of torture, dismemberment, exposure, amputation, and branding are over. Interest is transferred from the body to the mind; a coercive, solitary, and secret mode of punishment replaces one that was representative, scenic, and collective. Gone is the liturgy of torture and execution, where the triumph of the sovereign was symbolized in the processions, halts at crossroads, public readings of the sentence even after death, where the criminal’s corpse was exhibited or burnt. In its place comes a whole technology of subtle power. When punishment leaves the domain of more or less everyday perception and enters into abstract consciousness, it does not become less effective. But its effectiveness arises from its inevitability not its horrific theatrical intensity. The new power is not to punish less but to In Retrospect: 1978 29

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0094306118815499a

Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison:

Reflexive methodology - new vistas for qualitative research: Media Reviews

David E. Gray has produced a 4th edition of his successful textbook Doing Research in the Real World.  This useful handbook for social science researchers includes the addition of entirely new chapters on Visual Research Methods, Digital Research Methods and Getting Started Using NVIVO, along with other chapters updated to reflect developments in digital research tools. This has been done whilst also retaining a comprehensive overview of research methods in the social sciences. The purpose of this book remains to assist researchers and their supervisors in navigating the complex decisions involved in the design and execution of research projects and does this in a clear and approachable way.

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Doing Research in the Real World

The landscape of qualitative research: theories and issuesSage The landscape of qualitative research: theories and issues 480 £24.95 0761926941 0761926941

Family businesses are the backbone of the German economy (Otten-Pappas, 2015). The
word ‘family’ makes these companies distinct and indicates their influence on other parts
of life. My interest stems from the fact that I was the only child of a business family. For
15 years, I was in charge of the business, contributing to its strong performance.
Nevertheless, having achieved all this, I am not proud of myself and feel somehow
detached in not having lived my own life.
The purpose of this analytic autoethnographic study is to explore, portray and deepen
understanding of the situation of growing up in a business family and what influences this
has on the business, the family and the individual.
The research was carried out within an analytic autoethnographic framework, reflecting
the desire to make sense of my experience and to give this phenomenon a name in an
‘academic way’. The abductive nature of this study is due to the fact that I draw on
theories which have not previously been brought together under the umbrella of
describing and portraying the situation in a family business.
This research argues that the phenomenon of ‘subtle coerced succession', which is
exercised by parents to groom the natural successor for taking over the family business,
exists and has a strong influence on the generational interaction.
Being aware of the fact of being born in a business family may imply while being the
natural successor brings a lot of stress to the individuals involved. Realising this influence
on succession might reduce the number of family businesses not making it to the third
generation or beyond.
My contribution to knowledge is that ‘subtle coerced succession’ has various impacts on
the identity development of children born into family businesses and being the natural
successor by birth.
This study advances the development of theory by demonstrating how theoretical frames
borrowed from other research fields – the total institution, the double-bind, gender and
symbolic interactionism – fit together to explain the phenomenon of the ‘subtle coerced
succession’ in family businesses.

Helen Fürst

Papers

Growing Up in a Business Family –An Analytic Autoethnography of ‘Subtle Coerced Succession’