Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based materials are widely considered as promising candidates of polymer hosts in solid-state electrolytes for high energy density secondary lithium batteries. They have several specific advantages such as high safety, easy fabrication, low cost, high energy density, good electrochemical stability, and excellent compatibility with lithium salts. However, the typical linear PEO does not meet the production requirement because of its insufficient ionic conductivity due to the high crystallinity of the ethylene oxide (EO) chains, which can restrain the ionic transition due to the stiff structure especially at low temperature. Scientists have explored different approaches to reduce the crystallinity and hence to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO-based electrolytes, including blending, modifying and making PEO derivatives. This review is focused on surveying the recent developments and issues concerning PEO-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.

Poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

Review on composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have aroused wide interest in lithium batteries because of their sufficient mechanical properties, superior safety performances, and excellent processability. However, ionic conductivity and high-voltage compatibility of SPEs are still yet to meet the requirement of future energy-storage systems, representing significant barriers to progress. In this regard, intermolecular interactions in SPEs have attracted attention, and they can significantly impact on the Li+ motion and frontier orbital energy level of SPEs. Recent advances in improving electrochemcial performance of SPEs are reviewed, and the underlying mechanism of these proposed strategies related to intermolecular interaction is discussed, including ion-dipole, hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking, and Lewis acid-base interactions. It is hoped that this review can inspire a deeper consideration on this critical issue, which can pave new pathway to improve ionic conductivity and high-voltage performance of SPEs.

Intermolecular Chemistry in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High-Energy-Density Lithium Batteries.

Composite polyether based solid electrolytes

The present paper reviews the results of experimental investigations of the photodoping of amorphous chalcogenides by metals, and in particular by silver. The kinetics of the photodissolution of the metal are described as also is the influence on the photodissolution rate of such factors as the wavelength and intensity of light, the composition and temperature of the semiconductor, and an external electric field. A separate section describes lateral diffusion. The properties of photodoped semiconductors (electrical, optical, photoelectric, etc.) are presented. The results in the literature are analysed, giving answers to such fundamental questions as the following. Where is the actinic light which is efficient for the photodissolution absorbed? Which is the diffusion-limiting step? What is the state of the diffusing species (neutral atoms or ions)? The dissolution of silver induced by electron or ion beams and the photodissolution of group II metals are mentioned. The experimental results are fol...

Photodoping of amorphous chalcogenides by metals

It is shown that ionic conductivity of polymeric electrolytes based on low molecular weight amorphous polyglycols can be modified by the addition of α-Al2O3 fillers containing surface groups of the Lewis acid type. An enhancement of conductivity over pure PEG−LiClO4 electrolyte is observed for PEG−α-Al2O3−LiClO4 composite electrolytes containing from 0.5 to 3 mol/kg of the lithium salt. This increase in conductivity is coupled with the lowering of the viscosity of composite electrolytes and increasing chain flexibility when compared to the PEG−LiClO4 system as shown by rheological and DSC experiments. A decrease in the fraction of ionic aggregates is also seen from the FT-IR experiments for composite electrolyte in this salt concentration range. FT-IR studies of the C−O−C stretching mode has shown reduction in the transient cross-link density obtained after the addition of α-Al2O3 in the salt concentration range corresponding to the conductivity enhancement. The phenomena observed are explained in view of...

Ionic Interactions in Polymeric Electrolytes Based on Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)s

PEO-based polymer blends as materials for solid electrolytes

Samples of powdered poly(p-phenylene) lightly doped with ferric chloride were dispersed in silicone oil and the observed electrorheological (ER) effect was studied. The conjugated polymers were obtained in three different synthetic procedures resulting in materials of different crystallinity, which was then additionally modified by annealing in vacuum. The polymer samples were carefully characterized and their electric conductivity and permittivity, doping level, x-ray diffractograms, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, and grain size distribution were determined. The influence of these properties on the magnitude of the ER phenomenon was examined. It was found that the ER activity of the suspensions depended strongly on the crystallinity of a dispersed polymer. This observation was correlated with the ionic conductivity of the material leading to the conclusion that the ER effect in suspensions of FeCl3 doped polyphenylene resulted from bulk polarization processes relying on movement of ions within the p...

Henryk Wyciślik

Papers

Ionic Interactions in Polymeric Electrolytes Based on Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene glycol)s

PEO-based polymer blends as materials for solid electrolytes

Study of electrorheological properties of poly(p-phenylene) dispersions

Electrorheological properties of polyphenylene suspensions

Electrorheological effect in suspensions of polyaniline