Showing papers by "Herbert Budka published in 1981"

Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculitis in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract: • A case of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurred in which there were recent demyelinated plaques in the CNS, and inflammatory demyelination and remyelination in the peripheral (Schwann cell) portions of the spinal roots. The lesions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were characterized by inflammation, primary segmental demyelination, myelin stripping, the occurrence of lipid debriscontaining macrophages in the endoneurium, and remyelination. To our knowledge, this is the first description of simultaneous acute inflammatory demyelination in the CNS and PNS in MS.

Rabies and herpes simplex virus encephalitis. An immunohistological study on site and distribution of viral antigens.

Abstract: A retrospective study on the frequency, site and distribution of rabies and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 antigens by means of immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques was performed on routinely processed (formol-fixed, paraffin-embedded) brain autopsy material stored for up to 25 years. In 2 animal and 2 human rabies cases, inclusion bodies in neuronal cytoplasm and processes were brilliantly stained for rabies antigens by IF but were much less prominent or absent in usual histological stains. In 33 cases of histopathologically diagnosed necrotizing encephalitis, HSV antigens were demonstrated in 18 of 26 acute cases; 7 subacute cases (course longer than 4 weeks) were all negative for HSV antigens. Neuronal cytoplasm and nuclear membranes were the main sites of HSV antigens; nuclear inclusion bodies were inconstantly stained. Since most of HSV antigen negative cases also showed intranuclear inclusion bodies in HE stains, such nuclear inclusions are no reliable criterion for an HSV aetiology. On the other hand, their absence does not rule out a herpetic aetiology, but such a constellation is rare (only one of 18 HSV positive cases). Distribution of cells showing a positive reaction for HSV antigens may be patchy and irregular; therefore, a false negative result must be expected if very small tissue samples are examined (e.g, in needle biopsies from temporal lobe). In the leptomeninges, HSV antigen positive cells were found inconstantly and only in small numbers; this finding makes unlikely the possibility of an intravital diagnosis of HSV encephalitis by immunostaining of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell preparations. Both immunohistological techniques applied in this study (IF and IP) gave the same results. Imprint preparations are useful when quick diagnosis is necessary. Immunohistological investigations are a simple and effective means to demonstrate a viral aetiology even in routinely processed material; the use of such material rules out hazards in laboratories which are not designed to handle highly infectious fresh material.

Brain Pathology in the Collagen Vascular Diseases

Abstract: Neuropathologic examination of an autopsy series of 54 patients of various types of CVD revealed a very high frequency of pathologic changes both in brain parenchyma (in 81%) and vessels (in 78%). A broad but continuous spectrum of primary vascular alterations was observed, ranging from fibrinoid deposits in intact or necrotizing vessel walls to fibrohyalinosis and endothelial proliferations. In acute SLE showing LE cells within brain tissues, immune complex deposits were observed for the first time in brain vessels, in addition to similar deposits in the plexus chorioideus and in hematoxylin bodies. Secondary complications are frequently affecting the brain in CVD; they are mainly sequels of systemic atherosclerosis, hypertension, thromboemboli from SLE endocarditis, cardiac, hepatic or renal dysfunctions, or infections and should be clinically differentiated from primary brain involvement in CVD to ensure the appropriate therapeutic measures.

Immunohistological studies in viral encephalitis.

Abstract: Immunofluorescence (IF) techniques performed on formol-fixed, paraffin-embedded and protease-pretreated sections from autopsy brain for demonstration of rabies and Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) antigens proved to be a simple and effective method to ensure the etiology of some viral encephalitides. In contrast to fresh material, the use of formol-fixed tissues rules out any risk in handling highly infectious material. Another major advantage is the possibility of comparing IF appearance with normal histology of the same section by post-staining with hematoxilin-eosin (H.E.) or other stains.