In "Probability and Evidence," one of Britain's foremost twentieth-century philosophers addresses central questions in the theory of knowledge and the philosophy of science. This book contains A.J. Ayer's John Dewey Lectures delivered at Columbia University, together with two additional essays, "Has Harrod Answered Hume?" and "The Problem of Conditionals."

Probability and Evidence

Differentials, higher-order differentials and the derivative in the Leibnizian calculus

Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century Born in Germany and later a US citizen, he was a founder of the philosophical movement known as Logical Empiricism He was strongly influenced by a number of different philosophical traditions (including the legacies of both Kant and Husserl), and also by the German Youth Movement, the First World War (in which he was wounded and decorated), and radical socialism This book places his central ideas in a broad cultural, political and intellectual context, showing how he synthesised many different currents of thought to achieve a philosophical perspective that remains strikingly relevant in the twenty-first century Its rich account of a philosopher's response to his times will appeal to all who are interested in the development of philosophy in the twentieth century

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Carnap and Twentieth-Century Thought: Explication as Enlightenment

In this volume, four leading thinkers of our times confront the paradoxes and dilemmas attending the supposed stand-off between Islam and liberal democratic values. Taking the controversial Danish cartoons of Mohammad as a point of departure, Talal Asad, Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, and Saba Mahmood inquire into the evaluative frameworks at stake in understanding the conflicts between blasphemy and free speech, between religious taboos and freedoms of thought and expression, and between secular and religious world views. Is the language of the law an adequate mechanism for the adjudication of such conflicts? What other modes of discourse are available for the navigation of such differences in multicultural and multi-religious societies? What is the role of critique in such an enterprise? These are among the pressing questions this volume addresses.

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Is Critique Secular? Blasphemy, Injury, and Free Speech - eScholarship

Introduction: the starry heavens and the moral law Paul Guyer 1. 'A priori' Philip Kitcher 2. Kant on the perception of space (and time) Gary Hatfield 3. Kant's philosophy of mathematics Lisa Shabel 4. Kant on a priori concepts: the metaphysical deduction of the categories Beatrice Longuenesse 5. Kant's philosophy of cognitive mind Patricia Kitcher 6. Kant's proofs of substance and causation Arthur Melnick 7. Kant and transcendental arguments Ralph C. S. Walker 8. The critique of metaphysics: the structure and fate of Kant's dialectic Karl Ameriks 9. Philosophy of natural science Michael Friedman 10. The supreme principle of morality Allen W. Wood 11. Kant on freedom of the will Henry E. Allison 12. Mine and thine? The Kantian state Robert B. Pippin 13. Kant on sex and marriage right Jane Kneller 14. Kant's theory of peace Pauline Kleingeld 15. Kant's conception of virtue Lara Denis 16. Kant's ambitions in the third Critique Paul Guyer 17. Moral faith and the highest food Frederick C. Beiser 18. Kant's critical philosophy and its reception - the first five years (1781-6) Manfred Kuehn.

Hermann Cohen

Papers

Religion of Reason: Out of the Sources of Judaism

Kants Theorie der Erfahrung

Logik der reinen Erkenntniss

Die Religion der Vernunft aus den Quellen des Judentums

Ethik des reinen Willens