Now it is the interest of Spirit that external conditions should become internal ones; that the natural and the spiritual world should be recognized in the subjective aspect belonging to intelligence; by which process the unity of subjectivity and (positive) Being generally—or the Idealism of Existence—is established. This Idealism, then, is found in India, but only as an Idealism of imagination, without distinct conceptions;—one which does indeed free existence from Beginning and Matter (liberates it from temporal limitations and gross materiality), but changes everything into the merely Imaginative; for although the latter appears interwoven with definite conceptions and Thought presents itself as an occasional concomitant, this happens only through accidental combination. Since, however, it is the abstract and absolute Thought itself that enters into these dreams as their material, we may say that Absolute Being is presented here as in the ecstatic state of a dreaming condition (Hegel, Philosophy of History, p. 139).

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0026749X00007800

Orientalist Constructions of India

Recent research shows that colonialism reversed levels of development in much of the non‐European world. To explain this reversal, analysts focus on conditions within the colonized areas. By contrast, drawing on evidence from Spanish and British colonialism, the authors show that the economic models of the colonizing nations also affected the reversals of fortune. Mercantilist Spain tended to colonize most extensively precolonial regions that were populous and highly developed; in turn, extensive Spanish colonization had negative consequences for postcolonial development. In comparison, liberal Britain tended to colonize most extensively precolonial regions that were sparsely populated and underdeveloped; in turn, extensive British colonialism had comparatively positive effects. Thus, both Spain and Britain reversed the fortunes of precolonial regions, but in largely opposite ways.

/pdf/colonialism-and-development-a-comparative-analysis-of-4qeg9algnd.pdf

Colonialism and Development: a Comparative Analysis of Spanish and British Colonies

Blending fine-grained case studies with overarching theory, this book seeks both to integrate Southeast Asia into world history and to rethink much of Eurasia's premodern past. It argues that Southeast Asia, Europe, Japan, China, and South Asia all embodied idiosyncratic versions of a Eurasian-wide pattern whereby local isolates cohered to form ever larger, more stable, more complex political and cultural systems. With accelerating force, climatic, commercial, and military stimuli joined to produce patterns of linear-cum-cyclic construction that became remarkably synchronized even between regions that had no contact with one another. Yet this study also distinguishes between two zones of integration, one where indigenous groups remained in control and a second where agency gravitated to external conquest elites. Here, then, is a fundamentally original view of Eurasia during a 1,000-year period that speaks to both historians of individual regions and those interested in global trends.

Strange parallels : Southeast Asia in global context, c 800-1830

Humanities Open Book Program, a joint initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia

World trade and energy resources have to pass certain "choke points" between areas of production and their final destination. One of these is the Straits of Malacca, the sea passage connecting the China Sea with the Indian Ocean. Trade through the Malacca Straits historically played a major role in the formation of the littoral states such as Srivijaya, Aceh, Melaka, Johore, the Straits Settlements and more recently Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. The Straits are one of the world's most vulnerable areas because of its high potential for political conflict, piracy and ecological disaster. They are not just a conduit for sea traffic from East to West or West to East, but also a crossroads of cultures and societies. With closer regional economic integration cross-Straits communication is increasing. Cross-boundary social networks are ethnically diverse but closely integrated. Thus the Straits bear great opportunities for the economic and social development of the littoral states of Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. Moreover, peace and stability in the region is a precondition for regional development, for uninterrupted energy supplies and international trade between the European Union and East Asia. Based on field observations and recent statistical sources the paper outlines the current strategic importance of the Straits of Malacca for world trade and regional development.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/88407/1/578445646.pdf

The strategic importance of the Straits of Malacca for world trade and regional development

A History of India presents the grand sweep of Indian history from antiquity to the present in a compact and readable survey. The authors examine the major political, economic, social and cultural forces which have shaped the history of the Indian subcontinent. Providing an authoritative and detailed account, Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund emphasise and analyse the structural pattern of Indian history.

A History of India

Preface Royal Temple Policy & the Structure of Medieval Hindu Kingdoms King Anangabhima III, the Veritable founder of the Gajapati Kingship & of the Jagannatha Trinity at Puri Jagannath under Muslim Rule Ksetra & Ksatra: The Cult of Jagannatha of Puri & the Royal Letters (chamu citaus) the Rajas of Khurda Rathas & Rajas: The Car Festival at Puri Ksatriyaization & Social Change: A Study in the Orissa Setting Legitimation & Townplanning in the Feudatory States of Central Orissa Tribal Deities at Princely Courts: The Feudatory Rajas of Central Orissa & their Tutelary Deities (istadevatas) The Chronicles & the Temple Records of the Madala Panji of Puri: A Reassessment of the Evidence Reflections on the Sources of the Temple Chronicles of the Madala Panji of Puri Functional Interpretation of a South Indian Mahatmya: The Legend of Hiranyavarman & the Life of the Cola King Kulottunga I Maharajas, Mahants & Historians: Reflections on the Historiography of Early Vijayanagara & Sringeri Max Webers Contribution to the Study of 'Hinduization' in India & 'Indianization' in Southeast Asia The Early & the Imperial Kingdom in Southeast Asian History Epigraphical References to the City & the State in Early Indonesia The Devaraja Cult: Legitimation & Apotheosis of the Ruler in the Kingdom of Angkor Index

Kings and Cults: State Formation and Legitimation in India and Southeast Asia

The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa

Since the 1940s, re-evaluations of the nature of the State have been a major preoccupation among historians worldwide. There has been a debate on the extent to which the State is independent of the interests of the ruling class. Pre-colonial India provides a unique testing ground for such debates, for it provides examples of State forms which vary enormously. This volume outlines and expands all the major discourses on India's various State forms.

Hermann Kulke

Papers

A History of India

Kings and Cults: State Formation and Legitimation in India and Southeast Asia

The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa

The state in India, 1000-1700

A History of India