Hester Nienaber

TL;DR: This article explored the concepts of management and leadership and identified the tasks constituting management and leader respectively, and argued that the two concepts are intertwined and that the distinction between them is not clear and played down the need and relevance of management.

Abstract: Orientation: Retaining employees, especially Generation Xers, is imperative to ensure the high performance of organisations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect the retention of Generation X public servants. Motivation for the study: Given their unique characteristics, it is a challenge to retain Generation X employees. This problem may be worse in the public sector than in the private sector, as there are fewer financial rewards in the public service than in the private sector. Research design: The interpretivist paradigm is appropriate for this study. It used a qualitative, empirical approach. The researchers obtained the data through purposive sampling and interviews. Main findings: The study showed that the factors affecting the retention of Generation X public servants include work content, utilisation of skills, career advancement, work–life balance, compensation, security needs, leadership and drive. Practical/managerial implications: Employers, like the civil service, can be proactive in retaining Generation X employees because of the factors that affect their retention. Managers can prevent further pressure on service delivery that the skills shortage has caused if they use the skills the employees already have. Contribution: The article fills a gap, as there has been little research on staff retention. This is particularly true of Generation X employees in South Africa. This article adds information that will improve retention strategies for Generation X employees, particularly in the public service.

TL;DR: In this paper, the status of management in South Africa is assessed by providing a concise summary of the classical management theory, followed by a presentation of selected dimensions of South Africa's economic, social and political profile (cultural profile).

TL;DR: In this article, a strategic framework for an effective and efficient job creation and unemployment reduction in South Africa is suggested, which highlights the role of higher learning institutions in the process and discusses the fact that universities have thus far failed to make a significant contribution to the implementation of government policies on job creation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors set out to validate a scale measuring engagement concurrently at the individual and organisational levels in a diverse, multicultural (South African) context, reported here.