Showing papers by "Hilary Koprowski published in 1959"
TL;DR: Infants less than 2 months old were more difficult to immunize than older infants, and the evidence suggests that biologic immaturity rather than transplacental antibodies caused the difference.
Abstract: Forty-six infants, ranging from less than 1 day to 6 months of age, were given more than 100 feedings of living, attenuated poliomyelitis viruses without the occurrence of major or minor illness. The strains used were CHAT (type 1), Wistar (type 1), Jackson (type 2), P-712 (type 2) and Fox (type 3). All strains except the Jackson strain were found to be antigenic on oral administration. Response to vaccination was demonstrated in these infants by the presence after vaccination of antibody levels significantly in excess of those attributable to transplacentally acquired antibodies, and by the detection of fecal excretion of poliomyelitis virus. Infants less than 2 months old were more difficult to immunize than older infants. The evidence suggests that biologic immaturity rather than transplacental antibodies caused the difference. When the three types of poliomyelitis virus were fed at 3-week intervals, responses occurred to all types. No interference between types was observed when they were fed in all possible sequences. Three infants given a second feeding of homotypic, attenuated poliomyelitis virus 3 to 5 months after a successful vaccination showed resistance to intestinal reinfection.
59 citations
TL;DR: Tests for neutralizing antibodies showed that neither the young age of some of the infants nor their possession of transplacental antibodies had any discernible effect on antibody levels after vaccination and that the seven children in group A (who received the rodent adapted TN type 2 virus) all had type 2 antibody titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:256 approximately eight years after the vaccination.
Abstract: The duration of immunity produced by oral administration of living attenuated poliovirus has been investigated in three groups of children so treated since 1950. After the administration there was no apparent illness in any of the 26 subjects, but all developed antibodies and the virus was generally demonstrated in the feces. Tests for neutralizing antibodies showed that neither the young age of some of the infants nor their possession of transplacental antibodies had any discernible effect on antibody levels after vaccination and that the seven children in group A (who received the rodent adapted TN type 2 virus) all had type 2 antibody titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:256 approximately eight years after the vaccination. Vaccination with living attenuated poliovirus should theoretically induce lifelong immunity similar to that induced by the natural infection.
15 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary results of experiments are reported which indicate that the presence of adult lymphoid tissue may be an important factor in determining the appearance and progression of virus-induced tumours.
Abstract: POLYOMA virus can induce multiple tumours in mice1, hamsters2 and rats3. To obtain tumours in a high percentage of animals, the animals must be inoculated when newly born or at a very early age. Such a requirement is not unusual for tumour-inducing viruses—the Gross leukaemia virus, for example4. The relationship of susceptibility to early age suggests that immunological immaturity in the host is a prerequisite for tumour induction by the virus. In this communication, preliminary results of experiments are reported which indicate that the presence of adult lymphoid tissue may be an important factor in determining the appearance and progression of virus-induced tumours.
11 citations