Right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by an abnormality in the development of part of the right ventricular musculature. Patients with right ventricular dysplasia may present with ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, right-heart failure or asymptomatic cardiomegaly. Twenty-two adult patients with right ventricular dysplasia who had recurrent ventricular tachycardia were seen during a 7-year period. The male/female ratio was 2.7:1. The mean age at the time of hospitalization was 39 years. All but one of the patients had ventricular tachycardia of a left bundle branch block configuration. With few exceptions, the T waves were inverted over the right precordial leads. The heart was usually enlarged and the pulmonary vasculature was usually normal. In six patients who had two-dimensional echocardiograms, all showed increased right ventricular diastolic dimensions. All patients had right ventricular angiography; the diagnosis of right ventricular dysplasia was substantiated during surgery in 12 patients and at autopsy in another. Two other patients who did not have arrhythmias had right ventricular dysplasia diagnosed by right- and left-heart angiography. Our unique experience, when combined with a literature review of 34 adult cases, permits a composite clinical profile of this condition in the adult.

Right ventricular dysplasia: a report of 24 adult cases.

Loss of Insulin Signaling in Hepatocytes Leads to Severe Insulin Resistance and Progressive Hepatic Dysfunction

Mechanisms of Tissue Injury in Cryosurgery

Six patients with acute myocardial infarction presented with hemodynamic evidence of predominant right ventricular failure, characterized by a mean right atrial pressure averaging 20.2 mm Hg and left ventricular filling pressure averaging 16.3 mm Hg. Autopsy in two cases revealed extensive involvement of the right as well as the left ventricle. Clinically the patients usually had evidence of diaphragmatic wall infarction, distended neck veins, hypotension and heart block. Pressure contours and mean pressure often showed no significant change as the catheter was advanced from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery. Shock in three patients was effectively treated with plasma volume expansion, to increase further right-sided pressure, or the administration of sodium nitroprusside, to reduce left-sided filling pressure. It is suggested that when right ventricular infarction accompanies left ventricular infarction, a unique clinical and hemodynamic syndrome occurs because the ability of the right ventricle to maintain adequate left ventricular filling is impaired. Recognition of this syndrome is vital if appropriate therapy is to be instituted.

Right ventricular infarction. Clinical and hemodynamic features.

Some of Gaddum's first publications were on the development of specific and sensitive methods for biological assay, and he maintained a deep interest in this subject for the rest of his life (see Feldberg, 1967). One of the methods which he developed was that of superfusion, first described by Finkleman (1930). In this technique the bathing fluid runs over the external surface of the tissue, and Gaddum (1953) called it \" superfusion \" by analogy with \"perfusion,\" in which the fluid runs through the tissue.

The release and fate of vaso‐active hormones in the circulation

The effect on the blood flow of decreasing the lumen of a blood vessel

That the liver is essential for the maintenance of the level of blood sugar was demonstrated adequately by the early studies on the dehepatizeil animal. Because of the complexity of the problem, there has been much speculation concerning the mechanism responsible for the normal constancy of the blood sugar level and for the dextrose tolerance curve after the administration of sugar. From the studies of Soskin and his co-workers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) on the dextrose tolerance curve under various experimental conditions, it would appear that whenever the blood sugar tends to rise above the normal level, the liver responds by diminishing its output of sugar to the blood. The stimulus which elicits this hepatic inhibitory response is the blood sugar itself, and the threshold of stimulation of the hepatic mechanism in a particular animal coincides with the level of blood sugar which that animal habitually maintains. It is suggested that this mechanism is chiefly responsible for the characteristic dextrose tolerance curve when sugar is administered to the normal animal. The influx of exogenous sugar into the blood stream raises the level of the blood sugar above the threshold of stimulation of the homeostatic mechanism. The liver promptly curtails the supply of sugar which it has been pouring into the blood. the liver. The exogenous sugar thus temporarily replaces the supply from Utilization and storage rapidly return the blood sugar toward its normal level, whereupon the liver resumes its secretion of sugar. This conception was based on indirect evidence. The facilities of the Institute of Experimental Medicine of The Mayo Clinic made it possible to obtain direct proof of the operation of this homeostatic mechanism of the . . liver. METHODS. From one to four months prior to our experiments, a twostage ligation of the posterior vena cava, just below the liver, was performed on the dogs to be used. This rerouting of the blood from the caudal

Hiram E. Essex

Papers

The effect on the blood flow of decreasing the lumen of a blood vessel

The mechanism of regulation of the blood sugar by the liver

Pressure studies after inactivation of the major portion of the canine right ventricle.

The effect of certain drugs on the coronary blood flow of the trained dog

Studies on frost-bite with special reference to treatment and the effect on minute blood vessels.