The concept that the deformation of soil is governed by the shear-normal stress ratio on the mobilized plane of soil particles has already been discussed on the basis of the microscopic analysis of the behaviors of soil particles under shear. 5 This discussion originates in an idea that soil is one of the materials to which the frictional law in its broad sense of word applies. In the present paper, the authors expand the formerly proposed concept2),4 of three mobilized planes (compounded mobilized planes) among the three principal stress axes into a new postulate that a stress plane called "spatial mobilized plane" occurs in the three-dimensional stress space. Then, they propsse to verify, with various test data, the fact that stress-strain relationships of soil under three different principal stresses can uniquely be expressed by interpreting the relationships with respect to this plane. They also propose a new yield condition (failure criterion) of soil that soil yields when the shear-normal stress ratio on this plane has reached a fixed value.

Stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soil under three different principal stresses

In this paper the writers first present experimental results obtained for the distribution of the active stresses due to a sand backfill behind a rigid wall rotating about the top. The experimental evidence shows that the stress distribution is nonlinear and that, due to arching, the stress near the top of the wall increases beyond the level of the at‐rest stress. Consequently, the point of application of the lateral thrust is much higher than one‐third from the wall base. Arching effects increase with increasing soil density. Secondly, comparisons of the active earth pressure distributions are made for three different wall movement modes: (1) Rotation about top; (2) rotation about heel; and (3) translation. Total active resultant forces and the points of application of these forces are summarized.

Static earth pressures with various wall movements

Reexamination of mononobe-okabe theory of gravity retaining walls using centrifuge model tests

The paper examines seismic stability analyses of geosynthetic-reinforced segmental retaining walls (modular block walls). Stability analyses are developed within the framework of a pseudo-static approach that gives factors of safety against collapse mechanisms or rupture of component materials. The Mononobe-Okabe method is used to estimate dynamic earth pressures. Parametric analyses of forces and factors of safety related to external, internal and facing failure modes for walls constructed on competent foundations are presented. Shear interfaces between facing units are considered as possible planes of failure in facing stability analyses. The potential for local toppling of the facing column is also investigated. The results of analyses demonstrate that there is a limiting value of the horizontal seismic coefficient above which the margin of safety against base sliding and overturning may be unacceptably low during a seismic event for segmental retaining walls designed to just satisfy minimum factors of...

Pseudo-Static Seismic Analysis Of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls

A Modified Procedure to Evaluate Active Earth Pressure at High Seismic Loads

Current theories and procedures in evaluating dynamic lateral earth and water pressures due to submerged backfill soils against rigid retaining structures are thoroughly reviewed. Available experimental data is gathered and compared to the theories. A new generalized apparent angle of seismic coefficient, which can be easily used to evaluate dynamic soil as well as water pressure for a wide range of backfill soil types, is proposed. The new procedure incorporates the effect of the permeability and the geometry of the backfill soils and the modes of the wall movement.

Dynamic Soil and Water Pressures of Submerged Soils

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sandf1995/36/3/36_3_51/_pdf

Hiroshi Matsuzawa

Papers

Dynamic Soil and Water Pressures of Submerged Soils

Analyses of active earth pressure against rigid retaining wall subjected to different modes of movement

Earth pressure during earthquake

Wall Displacement Modes Dependent Active Earth Pressure Analyses Using Smeared Shear Band Method with Two Bands

Earth pressure during earthquake