Long-term potentiations in vertebrate synapses: a variety of cascades with common subprocesses.

The Living Body A Text in Human Physiology. By Prof. Charles Herbert Best and Prof. Norman Burke Taylor. Third edition. Pp. viii + 792 + 16 plates. (New York: Henry Holt and Co.; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1952.) 37s. 6d. net.

Introduction to Human Physiology

[Raynaud's syndrome].

The occupational uses with vibratory tools or vehicles provoked health disorders of users. We reviewed narratively our articles of 35 yr studies and their related literatures, and considered the pathophysiology of the hand-arm vibration disorders. Concerning the risk factors of health impairments in workers with vibratory tools, there are two conflicting schools of the researchers: The peripheral school emphasizes that vibration only makes predominant impairments on hands and arms, showing typically Raynaud’s phenomenon in the fingers. In the systemic school, the health disorders are produced by combination with vibration, noise and working environment, namely vibratory work itself, leading to diversified symptoms and signs in relation to systemic impairments. Our 35 yr studies have evidently supported the systemic school, including disorders of the central and autonomic nervous systems. The genesis is vibratory work itself, including vibration, noise, cold working environment, ergonomic and biodynamic conditions, and emotional stress in work. Because the health disorders yield in the whole body, the following measures would contribute to the prevention of health impairments: the attenuation of vibration and noise generated form vibratory machines and the regulations on operating tool hours. In conclusion, this occupational disease results from systemic impairments due to long-term occupational work with vibratory tools.

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Human response to vibration stress in Japanese workers: lessons from our 35-year studies A narrative review

Increased β2-adrenoceptors in the superior cervical ganglia of genetically hypertensive rats

Vibration disease results from the usage of vibrating tools such as chain saws or pneumatic hammers for a long period. One of the principal manifestations of this disease is Raynaud's phenomenon in the fingers. In order to examine peripheral circulatory functions, a thermography was applied to the patients with vibration disease. The distribution of skin temperature in digits was clearly demonstrated by a thermography. By combination with auditory stimuli, a thermography showed dynamic changes of skin temperature in time. The recovery time course of skin temperature once reduced by auditory stimuli was related to the activity level of the autonomic nerve. However, this relation was not observed in cold water immersion test which was used as one of the peripheral circulatory function tests. These results suggest that a thermography combined with auditory stimuli is useful to detect not only the distribution of skin temperature but also the activity level of the autonomic nerve.

Clinical application of thermography to patients with vibration disease.

Extracellular recordings were made from postganglionic branches or ganglion cells of the 9th or 10th ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain of the bullfrog in vitro Tetanic preganglionic stimulation, applied to nerve fibers between the 7th and 8th ganglia, elicited cholinergic (muscarinic) and non-cholinergic synaptic responses in nicotinized preparations These were an early after-discharge (EAD) and a late after-discharge (LAD), respectively Brief application (3-10 min) of catecholamines augmented the LAD and this augmentation continued for 90-120 min after catecholamine withdrawal In contrast, these catecholamines did not significantly augment the EAD The catecholamine effects were concentration-dependent within the range 1-100 microM, and the order of the potency was isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline greater than dopamine = phenylephrine The catecholamine-induced augmentation was blocked by propranolol (01-1 microM) and pindolol (1-10 microM), but not by phentolamine (up to 10 microM) The catecholamine-evoked augmentation of the LAD could be mimicked by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dbc-AMP) at 1-50 microM However, similar concentrations of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-AMP), cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-GMP) and dibutyryl c-GMP (dbc-GMP) had no effect None of cyclic nucleotides appreciably augmented the EAD Methylxanthines, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and caffeine, facilitated the LAD and potentiated the isoprenaline-induced augmentation of the LAD The excitatory actions of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were also enhanced by (-)-isoprenaline and dbc-AMP The former was prevented by propranolol(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hisashi Ushijima

Papers

Clinical application of thermography to patients with vibration disease.

Enhancement of peptidergic synaptic transmission by catecholamines in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion.