Each cell of a battery stores electrical energy as chemical energy in two electrodes, a reductant (anode) and an oxidant (cathode), separated by an electrolyte that transfers the ionic component of the chemical reaction inside the cell and forces the electronic component outside the battery. The output on discharge is an external electronic current I at a voltage V for a time Δt. The chemical reaction of a rechargeable battery must be reversible on the application of a charging I and V. Critical parameters of a rechargeable battery are safety, density of energy that can be stored at a specific power input and retrieved at a specific power output, cycle and shelf life, storage efficiency, and cost of fabrication. Conventional ambient-temperature rechargeable batteries have solid electrodes and a liquid electrolyte. The positive electrode (cathode) consists of a host framework into which the mobile (working) cation is inserted reversibly over a finite solid–solution range. The solid–solution range, which is...

The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective.

Electrolytes and interphases in Li-ion batteries and beyond.

Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and “load leveling” of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.

Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors

A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Alloy negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries.

Effect of fluoroethylene carbonate additive on interfacial properties of silicon thin-film electrode

Surface layer formed on silicon thin-film electrode in lithium bis(oxalato) borate-based electrolyte

Determination of DMFC deterioration during long-term operation

The performance of macrocyclic catalysts in oxygen reduction was investigated for a direct methanol fuel cell. The dependence of catalytic activity on different factors was determined for two classes of precursors; namely, iron porphyrin (Fe-PC) and iron phthalocyanine (Fe-TPP). It was found that there was an optimal heat-treating temperature for each precursor. Heat-treated Fe-TPP shows maximum activity at 750 °C, while the highest performance in the case of Fe-PC is observed at 500 °C. It was shown that oxygen reduction activity is affected by the number of nitrogen bonds formed with iron, particle size, and formation of carbon layers.

Ho Kim

Papers

Effect of fluoroethylene carbonate additive on interfacial properties of silicon thin-film electrode

Surface layer formed on silicon thin-film electrode in lithium bis(oxalato) borate-based electrolyte

Determination of DMFC deterioration during long-term operation

Electroreduction of oxygen over iron macrocyclic catalysts for DMFC applications

Deterioration of Nafion 115 membrane in direct methanol fuel cells