MANETs have unique characteristics like dynamic topology, wireless radio medium, limited resources and lack of centralized administration, as a result, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks in different layers of protocol stack. Each node in a MANET is capable of acting as a router. Routing is one of the aspects having various security concerns. In this paper, we will present survey of common Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks on network layer namely Wormhole attack, Black hole attack and Gray hole attack which are serious threats for MANETs. We will also discuss some proposed solutions to detect and prevent these attacks. As MANETs are widely used in many vital applications, lots of research work has to be done to find efficient solutions against these DoS attacks that can work for different routing protocols.

DoS Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

The recent bloom of Internet of Things (IoT) and its prevalence in many security-sensitive environments made the security of these networks a crucial requirement. Routing in many of IoT networks has been performed using the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL), due to its energy-efficient mechanisms, secure modes availability, and its adaptivity to work in various environments; hence, RPL security has been the focus of many researchers. This paper presents a comprehensive study of RPL, its known attacks, and the mitigation methods proposed to counter these attacks. We conducted a detailed review of the RPL standard, including a recently proposed modification. Also, we investigated all recently published attacks on RPL and their mitigation methods through the literature. Based on this investigation, and to the best of our knowledge, we introduced a first-of-its-kind classification scheme for the mitigation methods that is based on the techniques used for the mitigation. Furthermore, we thoroughly discussed RPL-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and their classifications, highlighting the most recently proposed IDSs.

Routing Attacks and Mitigation Methods for RPL-Based Internet of Things

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) were originally designed for a cooperative environment. To use them in hostile environments, trust-based routing can be used, where instead of establishing the shortest routes as done in traditional routing protocols, most trusted routes are established. In this study, the authors present a light-weight trust-based routing protocol. It is light-weight in the sense that the intrusion detection system (IDS) used for estimating the trust that one node has for another, consumes limited computational resource. Moreover, it uses only local information thereby ensuring scalability. Our light-weight IDS takes care of two kinds of attacks, namely, the blackhole attack and the grey hole attack. Whereas our proposed approach can be incorporated in any routing protocol, the authors have used AODV as the base routing protocol to evaluate our proposed approach and give a performance analysis.

Light-weight trust-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Multicasting plays a crucial role in many applications of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It can significantly improve the performance of these networks, the channel capacity (in mobile ad hoc networks, especially single-channel ones, capacity is a more appropriate term than bandwidth, capacity is measured in bits/s and bandwidth in Hz) and battery power of which are limited. In the past couple of years, a number of multicast routing protocols have been proposed. In spite of being designed for the same networks, these protocols are based on different design principles and have different functional features when they are applied to the multicast problem. This paper presents a coherent survey of existing multicasting solutions for MANETs. It presents various classifications of the current multicast routing protocols, discusses their operational features, along with their advantages and limitations, and provides a comparison of their characteristics according to several distinct features and performance parameters. Moreover, this paper proposes classifying the existingmulticast protocols into three categories according to their layer of operation, namely, the network layer, the application layer, and the MAC layer. It also extends the existing classification system and presents a comparison between them.

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Multicast routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks: a comparative survey and taxonomy

In this paper, we discuss security issues and their current solutions in the mobile ad hoc network. Owe to the vulnerable nature of the mobile ad hoc network, there are numerous security threats that disturb the development of it. We first analyze the main vulnerabilities in the mobile ad hoc networks, which have made it much easier to suffer from attacks than the traditional wired network. Then we discuss the security criteria of the mobile ad hoc network and present the main attack types that exist in it. Finally we survey the current security solutions for the mobile ad hoc network.

Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

We present a simulation-based study of the impacts of different types of attacks on mesh-based multicast in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We consider the most common types of attacks, namely rushing attack, blackhole attack, neighbor attack and jellyfish attack. Specifically, we study how the number of attackers and their positions affect the performance metrics of a multicast session such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and delay jitter. We also examine rushing attackers' success rates of invading into the routing mesh when the number of attackers and their positions vary. The results enable us to suggest measures to minimize the impacts of the above types of attacks on multicast in MANETs.

A study of different types of attacks on multicast in mobile ad hoc networks

Security is an essential requirement in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Compared to wired networks, MANETs are more vulnerable to security attacks due to the lack of a trusted centralized authority, easy eavesdropping, dynamic network topology, and limited resources. The security issue of MANETs in group communications is even more challenging because of the involvement of multiple senders and multiple receivers. In this paper, we present a simulationbased study of the impacts of different types of attacks on mesh-based multicast in MANETs. We consider the most common types of attacks, namely rushing attack, blackhole attack, neighbor attack and jellyfish attack. Specifically we study how the processing delay of legitimate nodes, the number of attackers and their positions affect the performance metrics of a multicast session such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and delay jitter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that studies the vulnerability and the performance of multicast in MANETs under various security threats.

http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~utn/Papers/2008_manet_attacks.pdf

Study of Different Types of Attacks on Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Multi-radio, multi-channel wireless mesh networking is an emerging wireless technology which enables the use of multiple radios in each wireless mesh router. Each radio is assigned to a particular channel based on a channel assignment algorithm in order to solve some objective function, e.g., maximizing network throughput or minimizing wireless interference. Multicast is a form of communication that delivers information from a source to a set of destinations simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a channel assignment (CA) algorithm for multicast using both orthogonal and partially overlapping channels. The algorithm enables the nodes in a multicast tree to operate with minimum interference. We evaluate the performance of the proposed CA using various multicast group sizes and numbers of available channels, and compare it with that of the multi-channel multicast (MCM) algorithm proposed by Zeng et al. (2007).

Minimum Interference Channel Assignment for Multicast in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Multi-channel multi-radio (MCMR) wireless mesh networking is an emerging technology that enables high-throughput networking capability using multiple channels and multiple radios per mesh router. Traditional multicast routing algorithms such as shortest path trees and minimum Steiner trees do not consider the wireless broadcast advantage or the underlying channel assignments (i.e., channel diversity) in a MCMR wireless mesh network (WMN). In this paper, we propose a multicast routing algorithm for MCMR WMNs that takes into account the wireless broadcast advantage and channel diversity in order to minimize the amount of network bandwidth consumed by the routing tree. The algorithm does so by minimizing the number of transmissions required to deliver one packet from the source to all the destinations of a multicast group. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm constructs routing trees having the least number of transmissions when compared with traditional trees such as shortest path trees, minimum Steiner trees, and minimum number of forwarders trees.

Bandwidth efficient multicast routing in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks

http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~utn/Papers/efficient-authentication-for-fast-handover-in-wireless-mesh-networks.pdf

Hoang Lan Nguyen

Papers

A study of different types of attacks on multicast in mobile ad hoc networks

Study of Different Types of Attacks on Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Minimum Interference Channel Assignment for Multicast in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Bandwidth efficient multicast routing in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks

Efficient authentication for fast handover in wireless mesh networks