The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of services, called DAML-S, that will make these functionalities possible. In this paper we describe the overall structure of the ontology, the service profile for advertising services, and the process model for the detailed description of the operation of services. We also compare DAML-S with several industry efforts to define standards for characterizing services on the Web.

/pdf/daml-s-semantic-markup-for-web-services-2bz2kpfwet.pdf

DAML-S: semantic markup for web services

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its uses. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this continuously evolving field, describing its key ideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for independent study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own and includes exercises, project descriptions, and annotated references to relevant online materials.The third edition of this widely used text has been thoroughly updated, with significant new material that reflects a rapidly developing field. Treatment of the different languages (OWL2, rules) expands the coverage of RDF and OWL, defining the data model independently of XML and including coverage of N3/Turtle and RDFa. A chapter is devoted to OWL2, the new W3C standard. This edition also features additional coverage of the query language SPARQL, the rule language RIF and the possibility of interaction between rules and ontology languages and applications. The chapter on Semantic Web applications reflects the rapid developments of the past few years. A new chapter offers ideas for term projects. Additional material, including updates on the technological trends and research directions, can be found at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org.

/pdf/a-semantic-web-primer-121rmyoa9a.pdf

A semantic Web primer

http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Publications/download/2003/HoPH03a.pdf

From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: the making of a Web Ontology Language

In today’s Web, Web services are created and updated on the fly. It’s already beyond the human ability to analysis them and generate the composition plan manually. A number of approaches have been proposed to tackle that problem. Most of them are inspired by the researches in cross-enterprise workflow and AI planning. This paper gives an overview of recent research efforts of automatic Web service composition both from the workflow and AI planning research community.

/pdf/a-survey-of-automated-web-service-composition-methods-54v17alhym.pdf

A survey of automated web service composition methods

The services sector has grown over the last 50 years to dominate economic activity in most advanced industrial economies, yet scientific understanding of modern services is rudimentary Here, we argue for a services science discipline to integrate across academic silos and advance service innovation more rapidly

A research manifesto for services science

The authors propose the markup of Web services in the DAML family of Semantic Web markup languages. This markup enables a wide variety of agent technologies for automated Web service discovery, execution, composition and interoperation. The authors present one such technology for automated Web service composition.

/pdf/semantic-web-services-1a7wbvh28y.pdf

Semantic Web services

The Web is evolving from a repository for text and images to a provider of services - both information-providing services, and services that have some effect on the world. Today's Web was designed primarily for human use. To enable reliable, large-scale automated interoperation of services by computer programs or agents, the properties, capabilities, interfaces and effects of Web services must be understandable to computers. In this paper we propose a vision and a partial realization of precisely this. We propose markup of Web services in the DAML family of semantic Web markup languages. Our markup of Web services enables a wide variety of agent technologies for automated Web service discovery, execution, composition and interoperation. We present one logic-based agent technology for service composition, predicated on the use of reusable, task-specific, high-level generic procedures and user-specific customizing constraints.

/pdf/mobilizing-the-semantic-web-with-daml-enabled-web-services-4ek6m66ngd.pdf

Mobilizing the semantic web with DAML-enabled web services

The Semantic Web should enable greater access not only to content but also to services on the Web. Users and software agents should be able to discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering particular services and having particular properties. As part of the DARPA Agent Markup Language program, we have begun to develop an ontology of services, called DAML- S, that will make these functionalities possible. In this paper we describe the overall structure of the ontology, the service profile for advertising services, and the process model for the detailed description of the operation of services. We also compare DAML-S with several industry efforts to define standards for characterizing services on the Web.

DAML-S: A Semantic Markup Language For Web Services

In our work, we investigate the role of redundant clauses in characterizing and solving hard SAT problems. Informally, a redundant clause is one that may be removed from the CNF representation of a SAT instance without altering the satisfying assignments of that instance. Correspondingly, a set of prime clauses is a set of clauses that preserves all the but that contains no redundant clauses. We identify several interesting features of redundant clauses that provide compelling evidence of the correlation between the percentage of redundant clauses and the hardness of instances. We propose a definition of weighted clause-to-variable ratio (WCV), which substantially improves the classic clause-to-variable (m/n) ratio in predicting search cost and explaining the phase transition. WCV is based on a linear combination of the number of prime clauses (NPC) and the number of redundant clauses (NRC). We compare WCV to a number of existing parameters including backbone size and backbone fragility, the constrainedness measure, and the m/n ratio; we posit a variety of advantages to WCV over other measures. We believe that full utilization of redundant knowledge to solve random and real-world SAT problems can significantly improve the performance of SAT solvers, in terms of the scale of the problems that can be dealt with as well as the speed with which these problems are solved.

Honglei Zeng

Papers

DAML-S: semantic markup for web services

Semantic Web services

Mobilizing the semantic web with DAML-enabled web services

DAML-S: A Semantic Markup Language For Web Services

The role of redundant clauses in solving satisfiability problems