Relevance Communication And Cognition

All scientific endeavours require researchers to develop an understanding of the available methodological tools to perform the needed studies. These tools can be applied depending on the field, purpose and context of the study. This article outlines and argues for ways to construct methodological framework appropriate for an in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of a literary text. The purpose of this study is to build the interdisciplinary methodological framework for literary text analysis using approaches of two humanities sciences – pedagogy and philology (linguistics and literature). The material for the research is a contemporary fairy tale Bunny Non-Hopper and His Brave Mommy by Oksana Drachkovska, Ukrainian writer and journalist. Relevance, innovation, importance and complexity of the author’s fairy tale theme, which appears both in the field of modern pedagogy and current philological interpretations justified our choice. Among the methods applied in the paper are literary studies interpretation that outlines a place of the fairy tale in the context of similar Ukrainian and foreign literature and reveals features of the its gender constructions; linguistic analysis based on communicative-pragmatic and conceptual approaches that focus on the text-discursive level along with pedagogical approaches that enable the representation of the text’s educational potential. The suggested framework consists of two levels – general scientific and specific scientific. On the general scientific level, it deploys systematic, synergetic, and paradigmatic approaches, whereas on the specific scientific level – linguistic approaches (communicative pragmatic and conceptual), literary studies approaches (intertextual and gender), and pedagogical approaches (integrated, inclusive, humanistic, empowerment), thus employing knowledge and specifics of each science. Besides a system-building function aimed to obtain comprehensive information about the object of the study, the proposed methodological framework for the interdisciplinary literary text analysis embraces an anthropocentric paradigm centred on children with special educational needs.

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A Methodological Framework for the Interdisciplinary Literary Text Analysis

Just the Facts: How "Objectivity" Came to Define American Jounalism

This paper presents a novel architecture for dealing with Automatic Fake News detection. The architecture factors in the discourse structure of news in traditional digital media and is based on two premises. First, fake news tends to mix true and false information with the purpose of confusing readers. Second, this research is focused on fake news delivered in traditional digital media, so our approach considers the influence of the journalistic structure of news, and the way journalists tend to introduce the essential content in a news story using 5W1H answer. Considering both premises, this proposal deals with the news components separately because some may be true or false, instead of considering the veracity value of the news article as a unit. A two-layer architecture is proposed, Structure and Veracity layers. To demonstrate the validity of the proposal, a new dataset was created and annotated with a new fine-grained annotation scheme (FNDeepML) that considers the different elements of the news document and their veracity. Due to the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, health is the chosen domain, and Spanish is the language used to validate the architecture, given the lack of research in this language. However, the proposal can be applied to any other language or domain. The performance of the Veracity layer of our proposal, which factors in the traditional news article structure and the 5W1H annotation, is capable of delivering a result of F 1 =0.807. This represents a strong improvement when compared to the baseline, which uses the whole document with a single veracity value, obtaining F 1 =0.605. These findings validate the suitability and effectiveness of our approach.

Exploiting discourse structure of traditional digital media to enhance automatic fake news detection

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Evaluating the Inverted Pyramid Structure through Automatic 5W1H Extraction and Summarization

This paper analyses the 500 most frequent verbs in contemporary Chinese and investigates their synergetic properties. The results show that the rank-frequency distributions of both valency and polysemy abide by a power-law distribution and that valency and polysemy of these verbs abide by the Good distribution and the positive negative binomial distribution respectively. Statistical analysis indicates that the greater valency a verb has, the greater polysemy, frequency and polytextuality can be expected. To find a suitable unit of measurement, strokes, a feature of the Chinese writing system, and pinyin, a phonemic transcription system of Chinese, are introduced in the present study to measure word length. These two types of word length correlate highly with each other, and both exhibit some inverse interrelations with other linguistic variables like verb valency, polysemy, frequency and polytextuality. Finally, based on these findings, we present a synergetic model (control cycle) of Chinese verb...

Synergetic Properties of Chinese Verb Valency

Abstract Drawing on an analogy between discourse and syntactic trees, this paper chooses 359 Wall Street Journal articles with multiple paragraphs from the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) Discourse Treebank, and converts each discourse tree into three additional dependency ones, at discourse, paragraph and sentence levels, with exclusively elementary discourse units of clauses, sentences and paragraphs, respectively. It empirically tests and visually presents the genre-specific “summary+details” or “inverted pyramid” structuring of news discourse. It further extends the idea of inverted pyramid structuring to the paragraph and sentence levels. It proves that the body of the report also has a similar schematic top-down installment organization with macro-propositions on top. It also visually and statistically presents the rhetorical structures at sentence level, which differ to some extent from grammatical structures. Operated in line with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of RST, the converted trees provide unique analytical advantages and constitute new research prospects.

Visualizing structural “inverted pyramids” in English news discourse across levels

In accordance with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), this study reframes each tree in the RST Discourse Treebank into three new dependency...

Rhetorical relations revisited across distinct levels of discourse unit granularity

Quantitative Aspects of RST Rhetorical Relations across Individual Levels.

In line with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), this study converts each tree in the RST Discourse Treebank into three trees with mere ultimate nodes being clauses, sentences and paragraphs, respectively. It examines the motifs of rhetorical relations along three taxonomies at the three granularity levels and also lengths of these motifs, and finds they observe the negative binomial distribution and positive negative binomial distribution respectively. The study demonstrates the applicability of RST relational analysis between same-level terminal units, which works with various granularities.

Hongxin Zhang

Papers

Synergetic Properties of Chinese Verb Valency

Visualizing structural “inverted pyramids” in English news discourse across levels

Rhetorical relations revisited across distinct levels of discourse unit granularity

Quantitative Aspects of RST Rhetorical Relations across Individual Levels.

Motifs in Reconstructed RST Discourse Trees