In this article different wings are computed by low and high-fidelity methods to compare their aerodynamic characteristics. Thanks to the unusual properties of the wing with the bell-shaped lift distribution, several general geometrical variants of the wings were calculated and their results are presented in this work. Three general wings are assumed and their geometry is defined as rectangular, trapezoidal and elliptical. Airspeed, total lift force, shape of airfoil and root chord are defined, and bending moment is assumed as a surrogate model for wing weight. The goal of optimization is minimization of aerodynamic drag.

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Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics provided by wing with bell shaped lift distribution and generalized wings

/pdf/effects-of-propeller-position-and-overlap-on-the-slipstream-3enq5hpol2.pdf

Effects of propeller position and overlap on the slipstream deflection characteristics of a wing-propeller

In this paper, a small airplane is redesigned by using a distributed electrical propulsion (DEP) system. The design procedure is focused on the reduction of fuel consumption in cruise regime with constrained parameters of take-off/landing. In this case, a one half wing area compared to an original airplane is used. Take-off distance and minimum airspeed for landing is achieved by distributed propellers mounted on the leading edge of the wing. These propellers induce velocity on the wing and thereby increase local dynamic pressure, thus the required lift force can be reached with smaller wing area. Moreover, the distributed propellers are assumed as folded in cruise regime to minimize drag when the main combustion engine provides sufficient power.

/pdf/design-of-distributed-propulsion-system-for-general-aviation-4z6laa6v82.pdf

Design of distributed propulsion system for general aviation airplane

This paper is focused on the usage of distributed electric propulsion (DEP) in order to increase aerodynamic efficiency. A ten seats aircraft is used as a case study. New design uses the existing fuselage, tail and turboprop engine, only wing is completely redesigned. The cost function for the design procedure consists of two parts. The first one is aerodynamic efficiency, which has a primary impact on fuel consumption, and the second one is weight of the wing. Lifting line theory with blade element momentum theory is used to design a wing geometry with DEP. Optimal geometry is also verified by CFD simulation. The estimation of the wing weight is needed for the second part of the cost function. This was done by the design of elementary wing parts under CS-23 regulation. The wing is assumed as full-aluminium with two spars. The main goal of this optimization is to redesign the wing for a given range and save as much fuel as possible.

Wing conceptual design for the airplane with distributed electric propulsion

In this paper, an aerodynamic and wing structure is investigated by low-fidelity methods Bell-shaped lift distribution was rediscovered in the last decade as a perspective alternative to traditional wing design This leads to lower aerodynamic drag than elliptical lift distribution for a given lift force and root bending moment Root bending moment is used as a surrogate model of wing structure weight It is relatively raw simplification introduced by Prandtl to estimate the weight of the spar as a main part of the wing structure For a more accurate wing weight estimation, the main parts of the wing are dimensioned under CS-23 regulation in this work The design procedure starts with defining the elementary parameters of the wing shape (chord/twist distribution, wingspan) After geometry generating a non-linear lifting line is used to calculate aerodynamic characteristics for all regime, determined from the flight envelope The dimensions of a spar, ribs and skin are calculated in the next step of the procedure for given bending moment, load and torque moment distribution The structure of the wing is assumed as a two-spar, manufactured by aluminum A target of design is to find out the shape of the wing for given weight The solution is verified by CFD calculation

Multidisciplinary design of the wing for aircraft preliminary design purposes

In this paper a computational methodology of aerodynamic interaction between propeller and wing is described. Presented work is focused on development of quick and accurate tool. Lifting line theory (LLT) with nonlinear airfoil characteristic is used to solve a finite span wing aerodynamic to predict downwash and lift distribution respectively. Blade element momentum theory (BEM) is used as a computational tool for estimating total thrust, torque, axial and tangential velocity distributions. Model of slipstream development is considered. Influence of propeller model to wing is simulated as contribution of higher dynamic pressure and change of angle of attack behind the propeller.

Hospodář Pavel

Papers

Wing and propeller aerodynamic interaction through nonlinear lifting line theory and blade element momentum theory