A microfluidic device having a substrate with an electrically conductive element made using a conductive ink layer underlying a hydrophobic layer.

Droplet actuator devices and methods

Embodiments of the present invention provide a backlight module comprising a light source and a diffusion plate disposed immediately opposite a light exiting surface of the light source.

Backlight module and display device

Improvements and modifications are provided in the type of frustrated total internal reflection (TIR) systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,885,496; 6,891,658; 7,286,280; 7,760,417 and 8,040,591. The improvements and modifications include various methods to improve display operation of hemispherical beaded front plane TIR systems such as (a) inhibit or prevent the undesired non-uniform distribution and lateral migration of charged, electrophoretically mobile, TIR frustrating particles by encapsulating or tethering the particles to the beaded front plane surface; (b) inhibit or prevent the settling of the TIR frustrating particles such as modifying the viscosity of the low refractive index medium; and (c) inhibit or prevent the non-uniformity of the applied electric field during display operation such as using a conforming rear electrode.

Tir-modulated wide viewing angle display

The disclosure generally relates to a front-lit display having transparent and selectively emissive light directionality. The disclosed semi-retro-reflective, semi-specular and specular displays include directional front light systems that reflect light in a manner to preserve the non-Lambertian characteristic of the light output. This leads to brighter displays with a higher degree of luminance as compared to conventional microencapsulated electrophoretic displays with substantially Lambertian reflectance where much of the light is not reflected back towards the viewer.

Method and apparatus for front-lit semi-retro-reflective display

A transparent display device includes a transmissive light valve panel, a transparent plate and at least one light emitting assembly The transmissive light valve panel has a display surface The transparent plate is disposed with respect to the transmissive light valve panel to form an optical space between the transparent plate and the transmissive light valve panel The at least one light emitting assembly is disposed beside the optical space and adapted to generate light into the optical space A light pattern of the light emitted from the light emitting assembly and directed to the optical space has at least one maximum peak in an angular range of ±15° with respect to a direction parallel to the display surface of the transmissive light valve panel

Transparent display device

A front light module, including: a light source; a light guide plate, having a first refractive index and having a side face neighboring the light source; a medium layer, placed over the light guide plate and having a second refractive index, wherein the second refractive index is smaller than the first refractive index; a transparent material layer, placed over the medium layer; and a transparent glue layer, placed under the light guide plate and having a third refractive index, wherein the third refractive index is larger than the refractive index of air and smaller than or equal to the first refractive index.

Hsin-Tao Huang

Papers

Front light module