In this paper we investigate a new method of learning part-based models for visual object recognition, from training data that only provides information about class membership (and not object location or configuration). This method learns both a model of local part appearance and a model of the spatial relations between those parts. In contrast, other work using such a weakly supervised learning paradigm has not considered the problem of simultaneously learning appearance and spatial models. Some of these methods use a bag model where only part appearance is considered whereas other methods learn spatial models but only given the output of a particular feature detector. Previous techniques for learning both part appearance and spatial relations have instead used a highly supervised learning process that provides substantial information about object part location. We show that our weakly supervised technique produces better results than these previous highly supervised methods. Moreover, we investigate the degree to which both richer spatial models and richer appearance models are helpful in improving recognition performance. Our results show that while both spatial and appearance information can be useful, the effect on performance depends substantially on the particular object class and on the difficulty of the test dataset.

Weakly Supervised Learning of Part-Based Spatial Models for Visual Object Recognition

This paper provides a brief survey of the basic concepts and algorithms used for Machine Learning and its applications. We begin with a broader definition of machine learning and then introduce various learning modalities including supervised and unsupervised methods and deep learning paradigms. In the rest of the paper, we discuss applications of machine learning algorithms in various fields including pattern recognition, sensor networks, anomaly detection, Internet of Things (IoT) and health monitoring. In the final sections, we present some of the software tools and an extensive bibliography.

A brief survey of machine learning methods and their sensor and IoT applications

Machine learning in the Internet of Things: Designed techniques for smart cities

Botnet is regarded as one of the most sophisticated vulnerability threats nowadays. A large portion of network traffic is dominated by Botnets. Botnets are conglomeration of trade PCs (Bots) which are remotely controlled by their originator (BotMaster) under a Command and-Control (C&C) foundation. They are the keys to several Internet assaults like spams, Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDoS), rebate distortions, malwares and phishing. To over the problem of DDoS attack, various machine learning methods typically Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Unsupervised Learning (USML) (K-means, X-means etc.) were proposed. With the increasing popularity of Machine Learning in the field of Computer Security, it will be a remarkable accomplishment to carry out performance assessment of the machine learning methods given a common platform. This could assist developers in choosing a suitable method for their case studies and assist them in further research. This paper performed an experimental analysis of the machine learning methods for Botnet DDoS attack detection. The evaluation is done on the UNBS-NB 15 and KDD99 which are well-known publicity datasets for Botnet DDoS attack detection. Machine learning methods typically Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Unsupervised Learning (USML) are investigated for Accuracy, False Alarm Rate (FAR), Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive rate (FPR), AUC, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of datasets. Performance of KDD99 dataset has been experimentally shown to be better as compared to the UNBS-NB 15 dataset. This validation is significant in computer security and other related fields.

Performance evaluation of Botnet DDoS attack detection using machine learning

The seminal work on Affective Computing in 1995 by Picard set the base for computing that relates to, arises from, or influences emotions. Affective computing is a multidisciplinary field of research spanning the areas of computer science, psychology, and cognitive science. Potential applications include automated driver assistance, healthcare, human-computer interaction, entertainment, marketing, teaching and many others. Thus, quickly, the field acquired high interest, with an enormous growth of the number of papers published on the topic since its inception. This paper aims to (1) Present an introduction to the field of affective computing though the description of key theoretical concepts; (2) Describe the current state-of-the-art of emotion recognition, tracing the developments that helped foster the growth of the field; and lastly, (3) point the literature take-home messages and conclusions, evidencing the main challenges and future opportunities that lie ahead, in particular for the development of novel machine learning (ML) algorithms in the context of emotion recognition using physiological signals.

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A Review, Current Challenges, and Future Possibilities on Emotion Recognition Using Machine Learning and Physiological Signals

The paper is comprehensive survey of methodologies and techniques used for Unsupervised Machine Learning that are used for learn complex, highly non-linear models with millions parameters to used large amount of unlabeled data. Deep belief networks (DBNs) and sparse coding are the two well known techniques of unsupervised learning models. Data clustering distinguishes by the absence of category information. Basically structure in data is finding in clustering and it has long history in scientific field .K-means is the most popular and simple clustering algorithm. This Algorithm was published in 1955. Hierarchical matching pursuit (HMP) for RGB-D data is discussed. Sparse coding learns hierarchical feature representations from raw RGB-D data in an unsupervised way by using hierarchical matching pursuit. The formal study of learning systems is deduced from Machine learning; which is a field of research. It has found to be highly interdisciplinary field which acquires and constructs upon ideas from statistics, computer science (engineering), optimization theory, and numerous other disciplines of science and mathematics.

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A Survey on Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Automation, Classification and Maintenance

Framework for user modeling is represented that is useful for both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques which will reduce the cost of development that is typically related to the knowledge-based approaches of machine learning for supervised approaches and user modeling that is basically required for the handling of the label-data. Experimental data is used for Research in bioinformatics. Vast amounts of experimental data populate the Current biological databases. Bioinformatics uses the machine learning concepts and has attained a lot of success in this research field. We focus on semisurprised framework which incorporates labeled and unlabeled data in the general-purpose learner. Some of transfer graph, learning algorithms and the standard methods that include support vector machines and as a special case the regularized least squares can be obtained. We can use properties of reproducing the kernel Hilbert space to prove the new. Represented theorems provide the theoretical base for algorithms.

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Humaraia Abdul Ghafoor

Papers

A Survey on Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Automation, Classification and Maintenance

Evaluating the Performance Estimators via Machine Learning Supervised Learning Algorithms for Dataset Threshold