A transformation is underway in electric power and energy systems (EPESs) to provide clean distributed energy for sustainable global economic growth. Internet of Things (IoT) is at the forefront of this transformation imparting capabilities, such as real-time monitoring, situational awareness and intelligence, control, and cyber security to transform the existing EPES into intelligent cyber-enabled EPES, which is more efficient, secure, reliable, resilient, and sustainable. Additionally, digitizing the electric power ecosystem using IoT improves asset visibility, optimal management of distributed generation, eliminates energy wastage, and create savings. IoT has a significant impact on EPESs and offers several opportunities for growth and development. There are several challenges with the deployment of IoT for EPESs. Viable solutions need to be developed to overcome these challenges to ensure continued growth of IoT for EPESs. The advancements in computational intelligence capabilities can evolve an intelligent IoT system by emulating biological nervous systems with cognitive computation, streaming and distributed analytics including at the edge and device levels. This review paper provides an assessment of the role, impact and challenges of IoT in transforming EPESs.

Review of Internet of Things (IoT) in Electric Power and Energy Systems

In recent years, the analysis and synthesis of fuzzy-model-based nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) have received increasing attention from both scientific and industrial communities, and a number of significant results have been proposed. This paper gives a review on recent advances on the analysis and design of fuzzy-model-based nonlinear NCSs with various network-induced limitations such as packet dropouts, time delays, and signal quantization. With these network-induced constraints, the developments on various control and filtering design issues are surveyed in details, and some essential technical difficulties are mentioned. Then, some latest results on event-triggered control and filtering design of fuzzy-model-based nonlinear NCSs are also summarized. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and several potential future research topics are highlighted.

Recent Advances on Fuzzy-Model-Based Nonlinear Networked Control Systems: A Survey

This article presents a review of major technologies of IoT-based smart homes. It starts with definition of the smart home that sets the perspective adopted in the review. In addition to describing the complementary user and system functions of the smart home, it introduces its general, IoT-based architecture and sets smart homes within the larger context of the smart grid. The following sections concentrate on software solutions and components of smart home management systems, related communication technologies, and issues of privacy and security associated with the connected nature of modern smart homes. A separate section presents current challenges of smart home technologies and their dispersion, and points to some interesting solutions and future trends.

IoT-based smart homes: A review of system architecture, software, communications, privacy and security

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned to be an important enabling technology for smart grid (SG) due to the low cost, ease of deployment, and versatility of WSNs. Limited battery energy is the tightest resource constraint on WSNs. Transmission power control and data packet size optimization are powerful mechanisms for prolonging network lifetime and improving energy efficiency. Increasing transmission power will reduce the bit error rate (BER) on some links, however, utilizing the highest power level will lead to inefficient use of battery energy because on links with low path loss achieving low BER is possible without the need to use the highest power level. Utilizing a large packet size is beneficial for increasing the payload-to-overhead ratio, yet, lower packet sizes have the advantage of lower packet error rate. Furthermore, transmission power level assignment and packet size selection are interrelated. Therefore, joint optimization of transmission power level and packet size is of utmost importance in WSN lifetime maximization. In this study, we construct a detailed link layer model by employing the characteristics of Tmote Sky WSN nodes and channel characteristics based on actual measurements of SG path loss for various environments. A novel mixed integer programming framework is created by using the aforementioned link layer model for WSN lifetime maximization by joint optimization of transmission power level and data packet size. We analyzed the WSN performance by systematic exploration of the parameter space for various SG environments through the numerical solutions of the optimization model.

Packet Size Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Grid Applications

Cloud-assisted industrial cyber-physical systems

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and power line communications (PLCs) are used in this work to implement a smart home control network. The goals are to reduce the impact of wireless interference on a smart home control network and unnecessary energy consumption of a smart home. An isolated WSN with one coordinator, which is integrated into the PLC transceiver, is established in each room. The coordinator is responsible for transferring environmental parameters obtained by WSNs to the management station via PLCs. The control messages for home appliances are directly transferred using PLCs rather than WSNs. According to the experimental results, the impact of wireless interference on the proposed smart home control network is substantially mitigated. Additionally, a smart control algorithm for lighting systems and an analysis of the illumination of a fluorescent lamp were presented. The energy saving of lighting systems relative to those without smart control was evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the electricity consumption on a sunny or cloudy day can be reduced by at least 40% under the smart control. Moreover, a prototype for the proposed smart home control network with the smart control algorithm was implemented. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed system for smart home control networks is practically feasible and performs well.

Hung-Ju Lin

Papers

Design and Implementation of Smart Home Control Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks and Power Line Communications

The Data Flow and Architectural Optimizations for a Highly Efficient CNN Accelerator Based on the Depthwise Separable Convolution