From inflammation to colitis-associated colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis and impact of current therapies.

The use of propolis in dentistry, oral health, and medicine: A review

Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches.

Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

Flavonols are ones of the most common phytochemicals found in diets rich in fruit and vegetables. Research suggests that molecular functions of flavonoids may bring a number of health benefits to people, including the following: decrease inflammation, change disease activity, and alleviate resistance to antibiotics as well as chemotherapeutics. Their antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activity has been proved. They may act as antioxidants, while preventing DNA damage by scavenging reactive oxygen radicals, reinforcing DNA repair, disrupting chemical damages by induction of phase II enzymes, and modifying signal transduction pathways. One of such research areas is a potential effect of flavonoids on the risk of developing cancer. The aim of our paper is to present a systematic review of antineoplastic activity of flavonols in general. Special attention was paid to selected flavonols: fisetin, kaempferol, and quercetin in preclinical and in vitro studies. Study results prove antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of flavonols with regard to head and neck cancer. However, few study papers evaluate specific activities during various processes associated with cancer progression. Moreover, an attempt was made to collect the majority of substantive studies on bioactive potential of the selected flavonols, especially with regard to modulation of a range of signal transduction pathways that participate in cancer development.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/845/pdf

Anticancer Potential of Selected Flavonols: Fisetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin on Head and Neck Cancers.

Recently, it has been reported that Fusobacterium nucleatum, a major pathogen involved in chronic periodontitis, may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In addition, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease represent major predisposing conditions for the development of CRC, and this subtype of cancer is called colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Although the importance of F. nucleatum in CRC has attracted attention, its exact role and related mechanism in CAC progression remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of F. nucleatum in experimental colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), which is a well-known colitis-inducing chemical, on the aggressiveness of CAC and its related mechanism in both in vitro and in vivo models. F. nucleatum synergistically increased the aggressiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics of CRC cells that were treated with DSS compared to those in non-treated CRC cells. The role of F. nucleatum in CAC progression was further confirmed in mouse models, as F. nucleatum was found to significantly increase the malignancy of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon cancer. This promoting effect of F. nucleatum was based on activation of the EGFR signaling pathways, including protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition significantly reduced the F. nucleatum-induced EMT alteration. In conclusion, F. nucleatum accelerates the progression of CAC by promoting EMT through the EGFR signaling pathway.

Fusobacterium nucleatum Accelerates the Progression of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Promoting EMT.

This study aimed to investigate whether quercetin exerts anticancer effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and to elucidate its mechanism of action. These anticancer effects in OSCC cells were assessed using an MTT assay, flow cytometry (to assess the cell cycle), wound-healing assay, invasion assay, Western blot analysis, gelatin zymography, and immunofluorescence. To investigate whether quercetin also inhibits transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human keratinocyte cells, HaCaT cells were treated with TGF-β1. Overall, our results strongly suggest that quercetin suppressed the viability of OSCC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. However, quercetin did not affect cell viability of human keratinocytes such as HaCaT (immortal keratinocyte) and nHOK (primary normal human oral keratinocyte) cells. Additionally, quercetin suppresses cell migration through EMT and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in OSCC cells and decreases TGF-β1-induced EMT in HaCaT cells. In conclusion, this study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that quercetin can inhibit the survival and metastatic ability of OSCC cells via the EMT-mediated pathway, specifically Slug. Quercetin may thus provide a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of OSCCs.

/pdf/quercetin-inhibits-cell-survival-and-metastatic-ability-via-2ubv8k8sf7.pdf

Quercetin Inhibits Cell Survival and Metastatic Ability via the EMT-mediated Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hypomethylation of lncRNA H19 as a potential prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Finite temperature dielectric responses of a multi-component hot carrier plasma are investigated. Spectral analyses of component-resolved electronic polarization functions and the effective dielectric function of the plasma are performed to explore their dynamic and nonlocal behaviors including the effects of finite-temperature dynamic screening of the carriers. We show that spectral behavior of dielectric response functions of a multi-component plasma are quite distinct from that of a conventional single component plasma and that, for a photo-generated hot carrier plasma of an ideal wurtzite GaN with high carrier densities, the well-defined optic plasmonic modes are clearly seen well outside the single particle excitation continuum of lighter mass electrons and that an additional low frequency acoustic plasmonic branch is located outside single particle excitation continuum of doubly degenerate heavier mass A-holes. The contribution of the heavier mass species to dressed polarization function is very similar to the case of bare polarization function. We also find that the dispersion relation of the anti-screening peaks follows that of the optical plasmon mode in a multi-component plasma.

/pdf/dielectric-response-functions-of-multi-component-hot-carrier-162zkqkl7y.pdf

Dielectric response functions of multi-component hot carrier plasmas

Mobile oral exam at the facilities for the disabled in Seoul is to improve the oral health of the disabled who can hardly approach dental clinic. We analyzed 1609 oral exam records at 24 facilities (11 special-education schools, 10 living facilities, 2 mental hospitals, 1 health care facility for the elderly) in 2011. The purpose of this study is to figure out the oral health state of the disabled in facilities in Seoul and to compare with the non-disabled in National Survey 2010 and 2008. 1. Special-education school : DMFT index of age 15 is 5.4 which is higher than 3.6 (DMFT index of age 15) of National Survey in 2010. 2. Living facility : DMFT index of ages 35~44 is 8.4 which is higher than 5.2 (DMFT index of ages 35 ~44) of National Survey in 2008. DT rate is higher (31.3% vs 19.2%) and MT rate is lower (7.6% vs 15.5%). 3. Mental hospital : DMFT index of ages 35~44 is 11.3 which is higher than 5.2 (DMFT indext of age 35~44) of National Survey in 2008. DT rate is significantly higher (50.7% vs 19.2%) and FT rate is lower (35.1% vs 65.3%). 4. Health care facility for the elderly : DMFT index of ages 65~74 is 7.1 which is slightly lower than 8.7 (DMFT index of ages 65~74) of National Survey in 2008. The number of existing natural teeth is similar (16 vs 18).

Hye Jung Kim

Papers

Fusobacterium nucleatum Accelerates the Progression of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Promoting EMT.

Quercetin Inhibits Cell Survival and Metastatic Ability via the EMT-mediated Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hypomethylation of lncRNA H19 as a potential prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Dielectric response functions of multi-component hot carrier plasmas

The mobile oral health survey of the disabled in facilities in seoul