A high-performance protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish.

The chemistry of the additives in an acid copper electroplating bath: Part I. Polyethylene glycol and chloride ion

Electrospinning of biologically significant polymers (natural and synthetic polypeptides) has increased since electrospun membranes were identified as candidates for tissue engineering constructs. These materials have a specific secondary structure, which influences their properties. The effect of electrospinning on the secondary structure of nylon-6 and nylon-12 is examined using Raman spectroscopy in order to identify and quantify any conformational changes that occur due to processing. Nylon-6 and nylon-12 were chosen because they possess a specific chain conformation and have a backbone chemical structure similar to the amino acid sequence in polypeptides. Results indicate that a change in the chain conformation due to electrospinning occurs, implying that a high stress is induced on the electrospinning jet as the fibers are being formed, and this stress alters the chain conformation of the nylon backbone.

Effect of the Electrospinning Process on Polymer Crystallization Chain Conformation in Nylon-6 and Nylon-12

Raman microspectroscopy can be used effectively to study very small samples or to study small areas within a transparent sample. With the application of the technique of confocal microscopy to a Raman microscope, the depth resolution of the instrument can be enhanced considerably. Confocal microscopy uses a pinhole, placed in the back image plane of the microscope objective, to block light from outside the focal plane. In this way the signal from the small volume element one wants to study can be better separated from the signals arising from the surrounding material. In this paper we show that the performance of the confocal Raman microscope can be described satisfactorily by geometrical optics. Furthermore, we have performed measurements to determine the depth resolution of our system for different combinations of objectives and pinholes. Finally, we report on the applications of this technique to different polymer systems, such as multilayer foils, fibers, and fiber composites.

Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy: Theory and Application to Thin Polymer Samples:

Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of food and pharmaceutical nanomaterials

The application of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to the identification and characterization of polyamides—I. Single number nylons

A variety of applications of the technique of Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy using a near-infrared laser excitation source have now begun to emerge The design and construction of a bench-top, analytical-grade FT Raman spectrometer are described Its specifications are explained and its performance and convenience of use are reported A variety of analytical applications of the FT Raman technique have been surveyed to demonstrate the versatility of the spectrometer

I.A.M. Royaud

Papers

The application of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to the identification and characterization of polyamides—I. Single number nylons

Routine analytical Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

The characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Raman spectroscopy

Structural changes in even-numbered crystalline paraffins at temperatures below their melting point