Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease

Woody Plants of Ghana and Their Uses@@@Woody Plants of Ghana, with Special Reference to Their Uses

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/365946.pdf

The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations.

The atlas of spectral data of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; Daniel Joulain & Wilfried A. König. E.B.-Verlag, Hamburg, 1998, ISBN 3-930826-48-8, $700

In humans, many diseases are associated with the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and minimize their impact. Therefore, the search for naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin is imperative. Here, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of methanolic extracts from Tabebuia pallida (T. pallida) stem bark (TPSB), root bark (TPRB), leaves (TPL), and flowers (TPF). The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity were determined by several standard methods using spectrophotomer. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay methods, respectively. Among the extracts, TPL showed the highest total antioxidant capacity followed by TPRB, TPF, and TPSB. Based on DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, TPL showed strong scavenging activity (91.05 ± 1.10 and 62.00 ± 0.57) with IC50 of 9.20 ± 0.28 and 46.00 ± 2.84 μg/mL, respectively when compared with standard BHT (IC50 of 7.00 ± 0.25 μg/mL) and CA (75.00 ± 0.14 μg/mL). These results suggest that TPL had the highest radical scavenging activity among the extractives that closely resembled the standard’s. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, TPL exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (83.18 ± 2.12 %) with IC50 of 12.00 ± 2.12 μg/mL, which closely resembled standard CA (IC50 of 10.50 ± 0.28 μg/mL). Also, the reducing capacity on ferrous ion was in the following order: TPL > TPRB > TF > TPSB. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of TPL were higher than other extractives. A positive correlation (p value <0.001) was observed between phenolic content and free radical (DPPH· and ·OH) scavenging efficiencies and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Methanolic extract of T. pallida leaf is a potential source of natural antioxidants and serves as an effective free radical scavenger and/or inhibitor. Hence, T. pallida might be a good plant-based pharmaceutical product for several diseases caused by free radicals.

/pdf/in-vitro-antioxidant-and-free-radical-scavenging-activity-of-2ydxn62v02.pdf

In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh

Hydrodistilled leaves and fruits of Hoslundia opposita yielded 0.54% and 0.65%v/w of essentials oils. Investigation by GC and GC-MS revealed that the bulk of the oils were constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes (81.3 and 81.4% for the leaves and fruits, respectively). The principal constituents of the leaf oil were 1, 8-cineole (72.3%), - terpineol (7.2%), sabinene (4.5%), thymol (4.2%) and car-3-ene (3.7%).The fruit oil had abundance of camphor (69.5%), linalool (5.4%) and limonene (2.5%). Key word: Lamiaceae Hoslunda opposite Essential oil composition 1, 8-cineole Camphor

/pdf/chemical-composition-of-leaf-and-fruit-essential-oils-of-5g8uchlyqe.pdf

Chemical Composition of Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils of Hoslundia opposita Vahl Grown in Nigeria

The bulbs of Crinum o rn atum were collected, dried and grounded. The powdered samples were subjected to distillation using a hydro-distiller (all-glass clevenger apparatus) to extract the essential oil present in the plant samples. GC and GC/MS analysis were carried out on the essential oil and was found to contain 18 compounds; hydrocarbons being the dominating group of compounds. They are 2,4-dimethylhexane (1.51%), methyl benzene(5.49%), cis-1,3- dimethyl cyclohexane (2.08%), cisdecahydronaphthalene (5.49%), trans-decahydronaphthalene (2.08%), undecanoic acid, ethylester (1.51%), caryophyllene (1.51%), dodecanoic acid (1.51%), 14-methylpentanedecanoic acid methylester (20.89%), 2,6,10,15-Tetramethylheptanedecane (3.14%), n-hexanedecanoic acid (13.06%), eicosane (2.61%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (13.06%), heneicosane (13.14%), eicosanoic acid, ethylester (5.22%), nonacosane(2.35%), tetratriancontane (2.61%) and tetratetracontane (10.45%) representing 97.71% of the total essential oil. The cytotoxicity result of LC50 (µg/ml) value of 1.701 obtained through the brine shrimp toxicity assay indicated that the oil is toxic. Keyw o rd s: Cr inum or natum, ess ential oils, cytotoxicity, hydrodistillation, gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy.

/pdf/chemical-composition-and-cytotoxicity-of-the-essential-oils-51j14ooeu4.pdf

Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oils of Crinum ornatum (Ait.) Bury

Phytochemical screening, antimalarial and histopathological studies of Allophylus africanus and Tragia benthamii

The essential oil from the root bark of Ficus exasperata cultivated in Nigeria were examined by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized by the presence of α-terpineol (33.7 %), α-pinene (10.8 %), sabinene (5.6 %), β-patchoulene (4.7 %), 1,8-cineole (3.1 %), and α-thujopsene (2.1 %) as the major compounds. The volatile oil was assessed against clinical strain of Candida albicans. The low minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of this compound (1.1 μg/mL) is among the basis of this report.

I. A. Oladosu

Papers

Chemical Composition of Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils of Hoslundia opposita Vahl Grown in Nigeria

Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of the essential oils of Crinum ornatum (Ait.) Bury

Phytochemical screening, antimalarial and histopathological studies of Allophylus africanus and Tragia benthamii

Anticandidal Activity of Volatile Compounds from the Root Bark of Ficus exasperata Vahl-Holl (Moraceae)

Purification and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Cnestis ferruginea (De Candolle): Investigation of Antioxidant Property