We propose and demonstrate a surface acoustic wave-driven converter of light into surface plasmon polaritons. An otherwise unstructured thin metal film is deformed by traveling acoustic waves on a piezoelectric substrate underneath. This spatially periodic corrugation enables to bridge the momentum gap between free-space radiation and surface-bound modes. This principle is realized with plain gold films on a ${\text{LiNbO}}_{3}$ wafer where surface acoustic waves induce surface ripples in the metal. For near-infrared light we observe efficiencies of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for exciting surface plasmon polaritons.

Surface acoustic wave mediated coupling of free-space radiation into surface plasmon polaritons on plain metal films

Anyone who has ever tried to solve a technical or scientific task, has had to make decisions on which directions to take. This paper introduces the Method of the Ideal Result (MIR). This method is based on the Russian TRIZ concept of the Ideal Final Result. MIR can be effectively used in finding the best direction to the solution. It also evaluates the level of the proposed and existing solutions. A success story of the development of a new measuring technique with MIR is presented. Implementation of the technique made a profit for Russian industry of more than 1.5 million roubles ( US$2.2 million).

I wish the work to be completed by itself, without my involvement: the method of the ideal result in engineering problem solving.

A high-resolution technique for the optical detection of the phase and amplitude of high frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW's) is presented. The test setup incorporates a mode-locked picosecond laser, harmonic mixing, and coherent detection, and it allows not only the measurement of the surface wave field but also the direct determination of the phase velocity. A measurement bandwidth in excess of 2 GHz is achieved. The maximum scan length was 4 cm. As a substrate, LiNbO3 has been used for the test measurements. Minimum detectable surface displacement and dynamic range were 1 pm/Hz1/2 and 40 dB, respectively. The method enables the determination of the phase velocity with a resolution of 1.5m10-5 in dependence of crystal cut, temperature and frequency

Accurate optical measurement of surface acoustic wave phase velocity

In this work we are reporting on the development of a novel Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device based on MEMS technology for drug delivery in the treatment of ocular diseases. The miniaturized SAW drug delivery device will be placed on the eye surface to allow non-invasive long-term drug application based on the programmed timeline and electronic control of a drug regiment. This novel drug delivery method is expected to lead to better clinical outcomes in the treatment of various eye diseases, and improved patient compliance with therapy. The device can be programmed for delivery of precise amounts of drugs at predetermined times over several months, and will use acoustic streaming to push the drug outside of the reservoir. Our modeling results were obtained using COMSOL multiphysics program and Coventor microfluidic simulator. Different force values were applied to investigate the force necessary to push the drug through the outlet.

Surface Acoustic Wave devices for ocular drug delivery

The acoustoelectric effect in graphene is studied in a graphene/lithium niobate hybrid system, which was prepared by transferring large area single-layer graphene grown on copper onto lithium niobate SAW devices. The transfer of momentum from the surface acoustic waves (SAWs), generated on the surface of the lithium niobate, to the carriers in graphene results in an attenuation and velocity shift of the wave, and gives rise to an acoustoelectric current. The acoustoelectric current, and the amplitude and velocity of the SAW are measured using a sourcemeter and oscilloscope, respectively. Macroscopic acoustoelectric current flowing over several hundred micrometers is demonstrated in graphene, which is measured to be directly proportional to the SAW intensity and frequency at room temperature. A relatively simple classical relaxation model, which describes the piezoelectric interaction between SAWs and the carriers in a two-dimensional electron system, is used to explain the experimental observations. The investigation of the acoustoelectric current as a function of temperature demonstrates the ability of SAWs of different wavelengths to probe graphene at different length scales. By tuning the conductivity of the graphene through the use of a top gate, voltage-controlled phase (velocity) shifters are demonstrated. The acoustoelectric current measured as a function of gate voltage demonstrates that an equal density of electrons and holes are transported at the charge neutrality point, reflecting the unique properties of graphene.

Acoustoelectric transport in graphene

Minimum l w f u l AI film thickness for SAW interdigital transducers (IDT’s) is described. From the standpoints both of realizing high-performance SAW devices and of achieving precise design, i t is Manuscript received December 11, 1979;revised February 12, 1980. J. Temmyo is with Musashino Electrical Communication Laboratory, sashino-Shi, Tokyo 180, Japan. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Midoricho, Mutory, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. He is now with the Electrical and Electronics Systems Engineering Course, The Technological University of Nagaoka, Kamitomiokacho, Nagaoka-Shi, Niigata 949-54, Japan. S Yoshikawa was with Musashino Electrical Communication Labora0018-9537/80/0400-0219$00.75 O 1980 IEEE

I. Kotaka

Papers

Precise Measurement of SAW Propagation Velocity on LiNbO 3

Low-loss piezoelectric ceramics for surface acoustic wave devices