Flotation is a complex process that occurs in solid–liquid-gas multiphase systems, and its main factors include the minerals, separation medium, as well as various flotation reagents. The study of mineral properties and interactions with other components such as reagents and water lays the basic theoretical foundation for flotation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can qualitatively evaluate the exchange of matter and energy between the mineral system and the surroundings and quantitatively characterize these behaviors, which greatly expands the breadth and depth of flotation studies. This review systematically summarizes the advances of flotation research based on DFT studies, including the study of mineral crystal chemistry represented by the theory of lattice defects, mineral surface hydration such as hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, surface regulation mechanism, and collecting mechanism based on surface adsorption theory. More significantly, it systematically elaborates different types of collectors according to their characteristics and emphatically explains the mechanism of some typical collectors in detail.

Insight into mineral flotation fundamentals through the DFT method

Native raw materials — ferriferous diatomites from the Zhalpak deposit in Kazakhstan — are proposed for use as an accessible, cheap, raw material for obtaining complex iron-oxide silica-containing pigments. Pigments with color gamma were obtained. Electron microscopy, BET analysis, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and x-ray phase spectroscopy were used to determine the mineralogical composition, shape, size, specific surface area, and total pore volume of the particles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the diatomite particles acquire a spherical shape and size 5 – 10 μm as a result of thermal activation and mechanical action.

Production of Very Fine, Spherical, Particles of Ferriferous Pigments from the Diatomaceous Raw Material of Kazakhstan

This paper represents the results of experimental studies of physical modeling of the underground coal gasification process in terms of implementation of design and technological solutions aimed at intensification of a gasification process of thin coal seams. A series of experimental studies were performed in terms of a stand unit with the provided criteria of similarity to field conditions as well as kinetics of thermochemical processes occurring within a gas generator. Hard coal (high volatile bituminous coal) was selected as the raw material to be gasified, as that coal grade prevails in Ukrainian energy balance since it is represented by rather great reserves. Five blow types were tested during the research (air, air–steam, oxygen–steam, oxygen–enriched, and carbon dioxide and oxygen). As a result, the effect of tightness of a gas generator on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of coal gasification while varying the blow by reagents and changing the pressure in a reaction channel has been identified. Special attention was paid to the design solutions involving blow supply immediately into the combustion face of a gas generator. The experimental results demonstrate maximum efficiency of the applied gas generator design involving flexible pipelines and activator in the reaction channel and a blow direction onto the reaction channel face combined with blow stream reversing which will make it possible to improve caloricity of the generator gas up to 18% (i.e., from 8.4 to 12.8 MJ/m3 depending upon a blow type). Consideration of the obtained results of physical modelling can be used with sufficient accuracy to establish modern enterprises based on the underground coal seam gasification; this will help develop more efficiently the substandard coal reserves to generate heat energy as well as power-producing and chemical raw material. The research conclusions can provide technical reference for developing a new generation of underground coal gasification technology.

Experimental Studies of the Effect of Design and Technological Solutions on the Intensification of an Underground Coal Gasification Process

The theory and practice of modern professional higher and secondary education is actively looking for directions and technologies for improvement. Many scientists and teachers, other subjects and stakeholders of education believe that all social institutions, especially educational ones or those related to education, science and art (culture) should develop in accordance with the risks and requirements, limitations and possibilities of a changing present and unknown, unpredictable future and super-unstable, complicated present. These areas and technologies, as well as education itself, are very diverse. Their reflection and research can be carried out and partially carried out at various levels, in very different and sometimes unexpected angles, transforming not only professional education in itself, but also professional-labor, domestic and other social relationships. The purpose of the study is to understand the problem of studying individual educational paths of teachers' supplementary education in the context of solving problems: 1) to increase the productivity and effectiveness of training and future teachers, 2) to improve education, training and professional work of future specialists and specialists involved in their retraining, as well as 3) the organization and optimization of psychological and pedagogical support of modern educational and other professionally-work teachers in general and further education. Methodology and research methodology. The work includes a multi-level and multi-aspect, system-theoretical understanding of the problems of individual educational trajectories in the additional education of teachers in the context of solving the problems of increasing the productivity and effectiveness of educational and vocational training / retraining and the activities of future and already existing teachers. The proposed study serves as a continuation of the idea of the need for system analysis and the importance of identifying holistic strategies for studying and resolving the problems of building and implementing individual educational paths in the additional education of teachers, including in the context of increasing the productivity and effectiveness of educational training and the activities of future teachers. The results of the study. The paper notes that the centuries-old history of research on ways to optimize education in philosophy, culturology, sociology, pedagogy, psychology and other sciences allows us to identify several leading semantic guidelines that are continuums that are essential for the development and implementation of programs, methods and techniques for the formation of aspects. The article highlights the main binaries of the development and revision of different models and technologies of education as a process and the result of the formation and development of a person as an individual, partner and professional. The studying of the individual educational paths in modern pedagogy and psychology is a problem that should be based on numerous studies of education, training and upbringing) of a person as a person, partner and professional, accumulated by the science of Russia, Kazakhstan, and other countries Materials of International Practical Internet Conference “Challenges of Science” 60 of the former USSR and the world as a whole, throughout the emergence and development of education. It is also darkly connected with the interpretation of probabilistic scenarios of future education transformations, the construction of education foresight projects.

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Individual educational trajectories in additional education of teachers

This article discusses the problem of studying the formation of spiritual and moral qualities of a person in philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects. In philosophical, religious studies, psychological, and pedagogical studies, the problem of studying the formation of spiritual and moral qualities was always relevant, and the study of this problem goes into the depths of human civilization. The conceptual ideas of classical educators and psychologists in understanding the nature of spirituality and morality are presented. And also considered the age characteristics of high school students in the process of their spiritual and moral formation. An analysis of the state of knowledge of the problem of the formation of spiritual and moral qualities of a person in foreign and domestic psychological and pedagogical literature showed that the spiritual and moral qualities of a person are a manifestation of the basic categories in psychology and pedagogy, that is, a manifestation of universal values in the structure of the personality, considered as the basic components of spiritual and moral personality of a high school student.

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Study of the problem of the formation of spiritual and moral qualities of high school students

The research results on gravity concentration of the Shalkiya deposit lead-zinc ore are presented. Using the float-and-sink analysis data, the Henry-Reinhard-type washability curves are calculated and plotted for separation size grade 40–8 mm. The separation density required for recovery of light fraction at minimum possible loss of lead and zinc, as well as the gravity washability indices are determined. It is found that the overhead product of the gravity concentration of coarse ore is tailings containing silicon, calcite and carbon black dioxides. The loss of lead and zinc is minor. Processing of coarse crushed ore should be carried out in heavy medium.

Substantiation of Gravity Concentration to the Shalkiya Deposit Lead-Zinc Ore

Grinding of mineral raw materials of different composition in drum mills with rolling steel tumbling medium is one of the main processes for liberation of mineral complexes and preparation of raw materials for beneficiation. It is known that grinding is one of the most expensive and energy-intensive operations at the ore-preparation process stage. Capital and operational outlays at this stage may reach up to 70% of the factory-wide indicators. In this connection, the reduction of power consumption for the mineral ore-preparation, and especially for grinding, is the topical problem in the mineral dressing technology [1–2]. On a global scale, the Bond work index procedure is most often used to determine the ore grinding power consumption [3]. The scientific literature describes many ways to reduce the ore grinding costs [4–10]. Thus, in [4] the currently central line of solving the problem of improving the efficiency of crushing and grinding processes through the use of modern grinding and classification model-oriented adaptive control system is illustrated by the example of copper-molybdenum ores. The ore grade of quality on-line rating algorithm application for managing the processes is the main approach in this direction. The stability of regulation and quality of grinding of copper-molybdenum ores increases by 5–7% owing to application of such an approach to the industrial process. The principle of crushing in high-pressure rolls (HPR), which allows one to obtain a fine feed for mills, is of practical interest. The emergence of HRP has allowed modifying a multi-stage crushing scheme. The HRP crushing products are characterized not only by a diminished size, but also by a high content of small size grades and increased fissuring, which makes it possible to lessen the volume of mills during subsequent grinding by 30...50% [5]. The authors of [6] present the laboratory studies on the grinding efficiency depending on the grinding bodies used (balls or rods) for various parameters such as granulometric composition, lithological type of copper ore. Examination of the preliminary gravity dressing influence on the Shalkiya deposit complex ore

I. Yu. Motovilov

Papers

Production of Very Fine, Spherical, Particles of Ferriferous Pigments from the Diatomaceous Raw Material of Kazakhstan

Substantiation of Gravity Concentration to the Shalkiya Deposit Lead-Zinc Ore

Examination of the preliminary gravity dressing influence on the Shalkiya deposit complex ore

Oxide powders production from iron chloride

Processing of metallurgical wastes with obtaining iron oxides nanopowders