Introduction J. H. BURNS PART I. RENAISSANCE AND COUNTER-RENAISSANCE: 1. Humanism and political theory ANTHONY GRAFTON 2. Italian political thought, 1450-1530 NICOLAI RUBINSTEIN 3. Law DONALD R. KELLEY 4. Transalpine humanism BRENDAN BRADSHAW 5. Scholasticism: survival and revival J. H. BURNS PART II. RELIGION, CIVIL GOVERNMENT, AND THE DEBATE ON CONSTITUTIONS: 6. Christian obedience and authority, 1520-50 FRANCIS OAKLEY 7. Calvinism and resistance theory, 1550-80 ROBERT KINGDON 8. Catholic resistance theory, ultramontanism, and the royalist response, 1580-1620 J. H. M. SALMON 9. Constitutionalism HOWELL A. LLOYD 10. Sovereignity and the mixed constitution: Bodin and his critics JULIAN H. FRANKLIN 11. Utopianism J. C. DAVIES PART III. ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTION IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: 12. Absolutism and royalism J. P. SOMMERVILLE 13. England: ancient constitution and common law Corinne C. Weston 14. Leveller democracy and the puritan revolution DAVID WOOTTON 15. English republicanism BLAIR WORDEN PART IV. THE END OF ARISTOTELIANISM: 16. Tacitism, scepticism, and reason of state Peter Burke 17. Grotius and Selden RICHARD TUCK 18. Hobbes and Spinoza NOEL MALCOLM PART V. NATURAL LAW AND UTILITY: 19. Pufendorf ALFRED DUFOUR 20. The reception of Hobbes MARK GOLDIE 21. Locke JAMES TULLY.

The Cambridge History of Political Thought 1450–1700

Preface 1. Contention and democracy 2. Regimes and their contention 3. Undemocratic contention 4. France 5. The British Isles 6. Switzerland as a special case 7. Democracy and other regimes in Europe 8. Europe and elsewhere.

Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000

Grotius and Selden

‘Godly Violence: Military Providentialism in the Puritan Atlantic World, 1636–1676’ Matthew Patrick Rowley This thesis recounts the Puritan struggle for military hegemony and the more difficult contest for an authoritative interpretation of divine communications through war. It asks a simple question: What did Puritans (‘the godly’) say God did in warfare; and how did they claim to know? I have given the term ‘military providentialism’ to the attempt to understand God’s will and agency in war; ‘godly violence’ to the conclusion that an act of killing was both just and holy. These twin themes are explored by looking at Puritan warfare against four groups: Native Americans, royalist Episcopalians, Irish Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians. A situational case study approach is used to examine complex and competing providentialisms after decisive victories. The case studies bear witness to the complicated relationship between texts, beliefs, circumstances and actions. It also evidences the immense energy and creativity that went into dynamic and richly textured beliefs about God and warfare. Five victories are examined: Mystic Massacre (1637), Battle of Naseby (1645), Siege of Drogheda (1649), Battle of Dunbar (1650) and the Great Swamp Fight (1675). This is the first comprehensive study of the providence surrounding these decisive victories. In the case of Naseby, Dunbar and Drogheda, none have given a detailed study of providentialism. Scholars have paid careful attention to the theology of the Mystic Massacre and the Great Swamp Fight. The primary contribution of the New England chapters is to compare the theology of killing Native Americans with that used against other enemies. These cross-conflict case studies facilitate many comparisons, some of which are explored in the concluding chapter. Additionally, the conclusion makes two contributions: it argues for a new understanding of the relationship between justice and holiness and for a deeper understanding of the function of Scripture and providence in conflict.

Godly Violence: Military Providentialism In The Puritan Atlantic World, 1636–1676

iii Acknowledgements v Introduction – Slavery and the Properties of Subjecthood in Imperial Anglo-America 1 Chapter I – Colonial Slavery, Imperial Subjecthood: The Problem of Freedom in Early English Colonization, 1547-1641 30 Chapter II – "Publicke and Sublime Propriety": Slavery and Subjecthood in the Imperial English Revolution, 1641-1660 125 Chapter III – "A Terrible Master": Slavery and the Human Tragedy of the Stuart Counterrevolution, 1660-1687 195 Chapter IV – The Williamite Moment: Property Personhood, and the Transformation of Colonial Slavery, 1689-1714 272 Chapter V – “Britons Never Will be Slaves”: The Passions and the Interests of Late Colonial Slavery, 1715-1754 376 Chapter VI – “This Golden Act of Liberty”: Slavery, Personhood, and the Crisis of Empire, 1754-1783

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This Species of Property: Slavery and the Properties of Subjecthood in Anglo-American Law and Politics, 1619-1783

List of Maps. List of Illustrations. Foreword. 1. The Founding of the New Model Army. 2. Recruitment, Provisioning and Pay. 3. Victory in Battle, 1645--1646. 4. The Importance of Religion. 5. The Army and the People. 6. The Political Wars, 1646--1648: From the Kinga s Surrender to the Assault on Parliament. 7. The Political Wars, 1646--1648: From the Occupation of London to the Second Civil War. 8. The Second Civil War. 9. Revolution at Westminster. 10. The Army and the Levellers. 11. The Conquest of Ireland. 12. The Conquest of Scotland. 13. The Army and the Expulsion of the Rump Parliament. Epilogue. Abbreviations. Notes. Index.

The New Model Army in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1645-1653

‘There is one Katherine Chidly an old Brownist, and her sonne a young Brownist, a pragmaticall fellow, who not content with spreading their poyson in and about London, goe down into the Country to gather people to them… Katherine Chidly and her sons Books (for the mother and the son made them together, one inditing, and the other writing) are highly magnified, and the brasen-faced audacious old woman resembled unto Jael …’.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022046900039531

London Levellers in the English Revolution: the Chidleys and Their Circle

According to a familiar interpretation, London was parliamentarian in the English Revolution, and was instrumental in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the English republic which endured for eleven years. London was the arsenal, the treasure–house and the recruiting ground for the revolutionary cause; it was the Paris of the English Revolution. In this article I shall argue that from early 1646 – a year after the formation of the New Model Army – London was deeply divided between those who wanted the terms agreed by the Houses to be imposed on Charles rather than negotiated with him, and those who wanted a speedy end to the war, a mutually agreed peace, the disbandment of the army and the imposition of religious uniformity. By 1647 the rulers of London were dominated by an implacable hatred of the revolutionary army, and bent their efforts to restoring Charles to his throne. In this policy they enjoyed the warm support of a majority of the City's population, who repeatedly demonstrated their anti-revolutionary convictions. in both word and deed. The army's political support in London was drawn mainly from the artisan and tradesman classes (many of them non-citizens), and from the suburbs. To a large extent it was the assiduous efforts of one man – Philip Skippon, major-general of the New Model infantry – which kept London in the parliamentary camp during the second civil war.

The Struggle for London in the Second Civil War

Frontispiece Preface John Morrill Austin Woolrych: an appreciation Lesley le Claire 1. Secret alliance and Protestant agitation in two kingdoms: the early Caroline background to the Irish rebellion of 1641 John Reeve 2. Of armies and architecture: the employments of Robert Scawen John Adamson 3. George Digby, Royalist intrigue and the collapse of the cause Ian Roy 4. The iconography of revolution: England 1642-9 Ian Gentles 5. The casualties of war: treatment of the dead and wounded in the English Civil War Barbara Donagan 6. 'A bastard kind of militia', localism, and tactics in the second civil war Sarah Barber 7. Cromwell's commissioners for preserving the peace of the Commonwealth: a Staffordshire case study John Sutton 8. Colonel Gervase Benson, Captain John Archer and the corporation of Kendal, c.1644-55 C. B. Phillips 9. Repacifying the polity: the responses of Hobbes and Harrington to the 'crisis of the common law' Glenn Burgess 10. Equality in an unequal commonwealth: James Harrington's republicanism and the meaning of equality J. C. Davis 11 John Milton and Oliver Cromwell Blair Worden 12. From pillar to post: Milton and the attack on republican humanism at the Restoration Nicholas von Maltzahn 13. 'They that pursew perfaction on earth ...': the political progress of Robert Overton Barbara Taft 14. Locke no Leveller G. E. Aylmer A bibliography of the writings of Austin Woolrych, 1955-95 Sara Coombs Index.

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Ian Gentles

Papers

The New Model Army in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1645-1653

London Levellers in the English Revolution: the Chidleys and Their Circle

The Struggle for London in the Second Civil War

Soldiers, Writers, and Statesmen of the English Revolution

The new model officer corps in 1647: A collective portrait∗