The invention relates to methods, compounds, compositions and vehicles for delivering 3-amino-1 -propanesulfonic acid (3APS) in a subject, preferably a human subject The invention encompasses compounds that will yield or generate 3APS, either in vitro or in vivo Preferred compounds include amino acid prodrugs of 3APS for use, including but not limited to, the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Methods, compounds, compositions and vehicles for delivering 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid

PURPOSE:To manufacture of high-tensile steel wire excellent in ductility by providing a specific composition and strength, providing, as well, the surface of a steel wire after wire drawing with residual compressive stress positively and by regulating the residual compressive stress to a specific range according to the strength of the steel wire CONSTITUTION:The steel wire has a basic composition consisting of, by weight, 04-10% C, =2 kinds among 005-3% Cr, 001-1% Mo, 001-1% W, 005-3% Cu, 01-5% Ni and 01-5% Co or 1 or >=2 kinds among 0001-01% Al, Ti, Nb, V and Mg and 00003-005% B independently or in combination Furthermore, by providing a strength of >=130kgf/mm and also providing the surface of the steel wire after wire drawing with a residual compressive stress of (005sigma+23)-(035sigma+28)kgf/mm according to the strength (sigma) of the steel wire, high-tensile steel wire excellent in ductility can be obtained

High-tensile steel wire excellent in ductility

PURPOSE:To make a series of quick operation, from alignment of a point to be inspected through detailed inspection, possible by macro-alignment of placement with an optical microscope and micro-inspection with an electron microscope. CONSTITUTION:A semiconductor substrate 1 is kept in a vacuum vessel 5 which is maintained at vacuum after it is placed on the sample stage 8. Placement alignment for a point of the substrate to be inspected, i.e., required integrated circuit pattern of part A, is made by use of an optical microscope, with controlling both horizontal movement and oblique angle of the sample stage 8. Easy alignment of the sample placement becomes possible with short period of time because the macro-alignment of the inspection part can be made.

Electron microscope with optical microscope and appearance inspection device using it

The invention discloses a preparation method of novel high-content mercaptamine. The method is easy and safe to operate, lowers the cost remarkably, and solves the environment problem in a refining process in a conventional preparation method. Moreover, crystal particles of the prepared mercaptamine are superior to a crystal prepared by the conventional preparation method on the aspects of granularity, fluidity and the like.

Preparation method of high-content mercaptamine

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing 1-adamantanol which enables industrial production of high-purity 1-adamantanol with high productivity and a reduced content of an organic solvent contained in the crystal.SOLUTION: A method of producing 1-adamantanol includes a process of purifying 1-adamantanol by cooling crystallization of a solution of 1-adamantanol dissolved in an organic solvent at a precipitation rate of 0.01-1.50 h.

Method of producing 1-adamantanol

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled compound useful a resin improver, etc., in high yield and in high purity, by specifying the amount of 2-mercaptothiazoline based on chloroethylamine hydrochloride, the amount of water in the reaction system, reaction conditions of the production, crystallizing condition, etc. CONSTITUTION:Hydrochloric acid and an aqueous solution of chloroethylamine hydrochloride are dripped in a nitrogen atmosphere to molten 2- mercaptothiazoline in an amount corresponding t 1.05-1.10mol based on 1mol chloroethylamine hydrochloride in such a way that the amount of water in the reaction system is 3-5mol based on 1mol chloroethylamine hydrochloride and the reaction is carried out at 110-130 deg.C. Further hydrochloric acid is added to the reaction system in such a way that concentration of hydrochloric acid in the reaction system is 20-25%, the reaction product is hydrolyzed at 1.5-3kg/cm G at 130-140 deg.C for 20-50hr, concentrated at 80-135 deg.C at 10mmHg final pressure, the concentrate is dissolved in 0.4-0.5 as much as methanol by volume, cooled and crystal is precipitated. The filtrate is used for recycling.

Production of cysteamine hydrochloride

PURPOSE:To prepare the titled compound useful as a raw material of pharmaceuticals, etc., in high purity and yield, by hydrolyzing 2-(2'-mercaptoethylamino)-2-thiazoline hydrohalide derivative with hydrohalogenic acid until the conversion reaches a specific level. CONSTITUTION:The objective compound of formula II is prepared by hydrolyzing a 2-(2'-mercaptoethylamino)-2-thiazoline hydrohalide derivative of formulaI (R1- R4 are H, lower alkyl or hydroxy-substituted lower alkyl; X is halogen) with hydrohalogenic acid. The hydrolysis is stopped when the conversion to the objective compound reaches 75-79%, and the resultant crude aminoalkylthiols are recrystallized in an organic solvent. The crude product remaining in the recrystallization mother liquor after the cystallization is recovered and recycled to the hydrolysis step.

Preparation of aminoalkylthiols

PURPOSE:To produce an organic sulfonic acid, easily, economically, with little production of by-products, by reacting a halogenated organic compound having amino group with a sulfite and/or bisulfite in the presence of excess bisulfite under mild condition CONSTITUTION:An organic sulfonic acid or its salt is produced by reacting (A) the compound of formula R-X (R is residue of aliphatic amine, aromatic amine or amino-containing polymer; X is halogen) or its hydrogen halide with (B) a sulfite and/or a bisulfite in the presence of (C) excess bisulfite (2-5mol excess to the halogenated organic compound), at 20-300 degC under normal pressure or positive pressure for 10min-50hr EFFECT:Since the objective compound is produced in high yield, it can be separated and purified easily, and the load for waste water treatment can be mitigated USE:Raw material of pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc

Production of organic sulfonic acid or its salt

PURPOSE:To separate the objective compound effectively from the reaction liquid of chloroethylamine hydrochloride with sodium sulfite, by cooling the produced reaction liquid at a specific temperature, thereby crystallizing the objective compound CONSTITUTION:Aminoethanesulfonic acid useful as a raw material of pharmaceuticals or dyes is produced by the reaction of chloroethylamine hydrochloride with sodium sulfite In the above process, the produced reaction liquid containing the objective compound and by-produced sodium chloride and sodium sulfate produced by the oxidation of said compound or existing in the sodium sulfite used as a raw material, is cooled at 13-35 degC, preferably 15-20 degC to effect the selective crystallization of the objective compound The objective compound having high purity can be produced economically on an industrial scale, effectively suppressing the contamination with said inorganic salts

Production of aminoethanesulfonic acid

PURPOSE:A crude product of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrohalide containing sulfide and impurities is subjected to crystallization under specific cooling conditions to produce the titled compound used as a starting material for medicines in high purity and high yield. CONSTITUTION:A crude product containing 80-97% 2-aminoethanethiol hydrohalide of the formula (R1, R2, R3, R4 are H, lower alkyl; X is halogen) and impurities of sulfide, dithiocarbonate and other compounds is dissolved in 25- 65pts.wt per 100pts. of the crude product, of methanol, then cooled under stirring so that the whole volume may not solidify into a lump to effect crystallization, thus giving a slurry of crystals of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrohalide. Then, the mother liquor is removed from the crystals to give the objective substance. EFFECT:The volume of methanol as a solvent is reduced greatly and it is advantageous from view points of energy saving and miniaturization of facilities.

Iida Hiroshi

Papers

Production of cysteamine hydrochloride

Preparation of aminoalkylthiols

Production of organic sulfonic acid or its salt

Production of aminoethanesulfonic acid

Purification of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrohalide