Imrich Bertok

TL;DR: The paper discusses the implications of alternative formulations of environmental policy targets on a cost-effective allocation of further mitigation measures, and explores the likely future development of emissions and air quality in Europe in the absence of further policy measures.

TL;DR: The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IASA) as mentioned in this paper report on work of the IASA and has received only limited review, revealing a range of harmful effects from the past and present levels of air pollution in Europe: human health is seriously threatened by exposure to fine particulate matter and ground-level ozone, causing several thousands of Europeans dying prematurely and reducing the life expectancy of Europeans by five to six months.

TL;DR: The model definition requires the use of the following indices: • Index i ∈ I corresponds to emitters; Index j ∈ J corresponds to receptors; Index m ∈ M corresponds to a set of receptors for which balancing of violations and surplusses of targets is defined.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an extension of the Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation (RAINS) model that addresses present and future emissions of fine particulates in Europe, the potential for controlling these emissions and the costs of such emission reductions.

TL;DR: The Greenhouse gas - Air pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model has been developed as a tool to identify emission control strategies that maximize synergies between the control of local air quality and the mitigation of greenhouse emissions as mentioned in this paper.