Showing papers by "In Ho Chang published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the efficacy and optimal dosage of recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-dltA (rBCG-DltA) in a high-throughput 3D bio-printed bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) and orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model.
Abstract: Purpose We investigated the efficacy and optimal dosage of recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-dltA (rBCG-dltA) in a high-throughput 3D bio-printed bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) and orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model. Materials and Methods We fabricated high-throughput BCOC with microfluidic systems, enabling efficient drug screening. The efficacy of rBCG-dltA was evaluated using BCOC by the cell viability assay, monocyte migration assay, and measuring cytokine levels. The anti-tumor effect was compared using the orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model. Results The cell proliferation rates of T24 and 253J bladder cancer cell lines (mean±standard error) were measured at three days after treatment. In T24 cell line, there was significantly decreased T24 cells compared to control at rBCG 1 multiplicity of infection (MOI) and 10 MOI (30 MOI: 63.1±6.4, 10 MOI: 47.4±5.2, 1 MOI: 50.5±7.5, control: 100.0±14.5, p<0.05). In 253J cell line, a statistically significant decrease in 253J cell count compared to control and mock BCG 30 MOI (30 MOI: 11.2±1.3, 10 MOI: 22.5±2.3, 1 MOI: 39.4±4.7, Mock: 54.9±10.8, control: 100.0±5.6, p<0.05). The migration rates of THP-1 cells showed increased patterns after rBCG-dltA treatment in BCOC. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 after rBCG-dltA 30 MOI treatment was higher than control in T24 and 253J cell line. Conclusions In conclusion, rBCG-dltA has the potential to have better anti-tumor activity and immunomodulatory effects than BCG. Furthermore, high-throughput BCOCs have potential to reflect the bladder cancer microenvironment.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the trends in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) as definitive treatment options.
Abstract: We aimed to assess the trends in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) as definitive treatment options.The data of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2007 and 2016 were collected from the National Health Insurance Service database. The incidence of UTIs was evaluated in patients treated with RT, open/laparoscopic RP, and robot-assisted RP. The proportional hazard assumption test was performed using the scaled Schoenfeld residuals based on a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to assess survival.A total of 28,887 patients were treated with definitive treatment. In the acute phase (< 3 months), UTIs were more frequent in RP than in RT; in the chronic phase (> 12 months), UTIs were more frequent in RT than in RP. In the early follow-up period, the risk of UTIs was higher in the open/laparoscopic RP group (aHR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.44-1.83; p < 0.001) and the robot-assisted RP group (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.43; p < 0.001), compared to the RT group. The robot-assisted RP group had a lower risk of UTIs than the open/laparoscopic RP group in the early (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.77-0.78; p < 0.001) and late (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89-0.91; p < 0.001) follow-up periods. In patients with UTI, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, primary treatment, age at UTI diagnosis, type of UTI, hospitalization, and sepsis from UTI were risk factors for overall survival.In patients treated with RP or RT, the incidence of UTIs was higher than that in the general population. RP posed a higher risk of UTIs than RT did in early follow-up period. Robot-assisted RP had a lower risk of UTIs than open/laparoscopic RP group in total period. UTI characteristics might be related to poor prognosis.
TL;DR: In this article , a 3D bioprinted BCOC was developed via use of the monocytic THP-1 cells and Jurkat T cells to assess the effect of immunotherapy on the effector-to-target cytotoxicity, cytokine, and cell viability.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We upgraded preexisting bladder cancer-on-a-chip (BCOC) by adding T cells and evaluated the antitumor effect of a combination of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Gu (cid:2) erin (BCG) and pembrolizumab. METHODS: We fabricated bioprinted BCOC with micro fl uids, incorporating HT1376, MRC-5, HUVEC, THP-1 and Jurkat cells. We evaluated the effector-to-target cytotoxicity, cytokine, and cell viability in 2D culture, live/dead assay, migration assay, and cytokine assay in BCOC. Additionally, we evaluated the antitumor ef fi cacy of the combination of BCG and pembrolizumab in an orthotopic mouse model. RESULTS: The combination group showed the most effective reduction compared to the control in 2D culture (100.0 (cid:5) 0.8% vs. 36.4 (cid:5) 0.8%, p < 0.001). In BCOC, cancer cell viabilities were decreased at 3 days in the BCG group (70.1 (cid:5) 9.8%, p [ 0.013) and combination group (49.3 (cid:5) 8.1%, p < 0.001). The combination group showed the highest immune reaction in the cytokine assay (interferon- g , p [ 0.045; interleukin-6, p [ 0.037) and migration assay (fold change 1.3 (cid:5) 0.1, p < 0.001), whereas in the in vivo model, it showed lower signal intensities from days 10 to 14 compared to that in the control group (p [ 0.031 and p [ 0.014, respectively). No signi fi cant weight changes were observed among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a 3D bioprinted BCOC via use of the monocytic THP-1 cells and Jurkat T cells to assess the ef fi cacy of immunotherapy. The combination of BCG and pembrolizumab showed the best antitumor ef fi cacy in BCOC and animal models.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors compared overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) benefits among various oral chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).
Abstract: Multiple oral chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) have been developed for conjugated use with conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) report significant benefits in mHSPC patients. Therefore, we compared overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) benefits among considerable mHSPC oral chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated mHSPC treatment efficacy through a systematic RCT-trial literature review (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus). Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed bias risk in duplicate. We identified 18 RCTs (n=13,509). Concerning OS, ADT+abiraterone, ADT+abiraterone+docetaxel, ADT+apalutamide, ADT+bicalutamide, ADT+darolutamide+docetaxel, ADT+enzalutamide, ADT+orteronel, and ADT+rezvilutamide were more effective than the standard of care (SOC). Comparing PFS, most treatments were more effective than SOC, excluding ADT+bicalutamide, nilutamide, flutamide, ADT+bicalutamide+palbociclib, and ADT+nilutamide. ADT+docetaxel with androgen receptor targeted agent (ARTA) triplet therapy was not among the top 3 treatments determined through ranking analysis. Novel oral chemotherapeutic agent combination therapies must replace current ADT monotherapy and ADT+docetaxel SOC. Even so, ADT+docetaxel with ARTA triplet therapy still is not the best mHSPC treatment and requires further study.
TL;DR: Later stent removal and reduced duration of antibiotic prophylaxis after RC does not result in an increased rate of UTI or urine leak in patients undergoing RC as mentioned in this paper , and there was no difference in rate of urine leak when comparing early versus late stent removing (0% vs 1.3%, p [ 0.31] ).
Abstract: lower in the early stent removal group (10 vs 21 days, p (cid:3) 0.05). There was no difference in rate of postoperative UTI when comparing early versus late stent removal (10.8% vs 10.2%, p [ 0.9). Similarly, there was no difference in rate of urine leak when comparing early versus late stent removal (0% vs 1.3%, p [ 0.31). Readmission rates were similar for early versus late stent removal (7 vs 12%, p [ 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Earlier stent removal and reduced duration of antibiotic prophylaxis after RC does not result in an increased rate of UTI or urine leak. Decreasing ureteral stent duration reduces post- operative antibiotic exposure without increasing adverse outcomes in patients undergoing RC.
TL;DR: Choi et al. as discussed by the authors assessed the trends in urinary tract infections and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) as definitive treatment options.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D bioprinted BCOC was developed via use of the monocytic THP-1 cells and Jurkat T cells to assess the effect of immunotherapy on the effector-to-target cytotoxicity, cytokine, and cell viability.
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TL;DR: In this article , the trends in methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin regimens in Korean patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) were assessed using nationwide population-based data.
TL;DR: In this article , the trends in methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin regimens in Korean patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) were assessed using nationwide population-based data.
Abstract: This study assessed the trends in methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) and gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) regimens in Korean patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) and compared the side effects and overall survival (OS) rates of the two regimens using nationwide population-based data. The data of patients diagnosed with UC between 2004 and 2016 were collected using the National Health Insurance Service database. The overall treatment trends were assessed according to the chemotherapy regimens. The MVAC and GC groups were matched by propensity scores. Cox proportional hazard analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to assess survival. Of 3108 patients with UC, 2,880 patients were treated with GC and 228 (7.3%) were treated with MVAC. The transfusion rate and volume were similar in both the groups, but the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) usage rate and number were higher in the MVAC group than in the GC group. Both groups had similar OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the chemotherapy regimen was not a significant factor for OS. Subgroup analysis revealed that a period of ≥ 3 months from diagnosis to systemic therapy enhanced the prognostic effects of the GC regimen. The GC regimen was widely used as the first-line chemotherapy in more than 90% of our study population with metastatic UC. The MVAC regimen showed similar OS to the GC regimen but needed greater use of G-CSF. The GC regimen could be a suitable treatment option for metastatic UC after ≥ 3 months from diagnosis.