Showing papers by "Indrajit Banerjee published in 2011"
TL;DR: Assessment of teaching, learning and evaluation procedures adopted in Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu by getting feedback from students of 4 th -7 th semesters and feedback was also taken from a few final year students (Clinical Sciences).
Abstract: Background Accreditation of curriculum by students may be useful in further modification of teaching and learning methods in medical colleges of any country specially Nepal. Course curriculum of medical sciences is made by learned professors of Universities, politicians and the government officers without consulting the students for whom it is made. In Nepal, Medical education is an experimental integrated teaching of four and half years for MBBS degree. Until now it has not been assessed as to what type of Doctors we are producing. This paper aims on the objective to find out whether integrated teaching or classical medical studies produce better doctors. Methods The present study was done to assess the teaching, learning and evaluation procedures adopted in Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu by getting feedback from students of 4 th (Basic Sciences), 5 th -7 th semesters and feedback was also taken from a few final year students (Clinical Sciences). A total of nearly two hundred students from this institution participated in this study. A multi-graded questionnaire was prepared and a pilot study of 20 students was done and the results were discussed among the authors to modify the questionnaire. This modified questionnaire was used in the main study. The same questionnaire was used for eliciting feedback from clinical students. The present study was undertaken from August 2008-January 2009. Results Out of 200 medical students, the mean age was found to be 19.4 ± 3 years SD. In gender distribution, male students (61%) were higher than female students (39%). Most of the medical students (70%) wanted to become doctor, to become rich and famous, 90% wanted to go to US (Massive brain drain). 90% of the students perceived that Anatomy is the most interesting and most relevant basic science subject for clinical studies and in Anatomy theory hours of teaching is to be increased (60%). Community Medicine was the most uninteresting subject of Basic sciences and if they are assured of attendance which subject they would not like to attend community medicine classes. 85% wanted that Pharmacology should be reduced in first four semesters and should be extended to seventh semester like Community Medicine. The best teaching method is Chalk and Board Method (60%) and followed by LCD slides (20%). Conclusion: Overall the results were alarming and may be taken up seriously by the policy makers. They can bring about amendments in course curriculum of universities in future . Keywords: Medical Education; Under-graduate; Post- Graduate; Nepal Medical College. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i3.5575 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(3) 95-100
28 citations
TL;DR: It was found that among the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Fluoxetine was used relatively higher than conventional drugs like Tricyclic antidepressants, recommend that there is a trend of using Typical antidepressants drugs for depression rather than Newer antidepressants.
Abstract: Background: According to WHO, it is estimated that major depression would be the second most leading cause of disability in the world by 2020. Drug utilization study is defined as study of the marketing, distribution, prescription and use of drugs in a society highlighting on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. The main objective of this study was to find the utilization pattern of antidepressants prescribed in a tertiary care centre with major depression in hospitalized patients of Western Nepal. Methods: A hospital based observational study was done between 1st October 2009 and 31st March 2010 at Psychiatry Ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected from bed side. The outcome variables were essential drug, generic and trade, treatment, groups of antidepressants and antidepressants used. The explanatory variables were age, gender, monthly income, employment of the patient. Z test and logistic regression was used for the analysis. P-value 10000, 2.63 times more in Hindus and 1.197 times more in Brahmins than any other ethnic groups. 9.179 times more tendency of prescribing antidepressants by trade names in case of unemployed patients as compared to employed patients in Nepal. Conclusion: According to the utilization pattern of antidepressants it was found that among the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Fluoxetine was used relatively higher than conventional drugs like Tricyclic antidepressants, recommend that there is a trend of using Typical antidepressants drugs for depression rather than Newer antidepressants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i5.6152 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (5):144-52
24 citations
23 Mar 2011
TL;DR: This paper is proposing an energy efficient routing in wireless sensor network with the help of information high way which is designed by the proposed modified cyclic cellular automata scheme.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of micro sensors which are gathering data in various situations from monitoring environment and transmitting it to base station. The most important challenging issue in wireless sensor network is energy conservation. The communication process must be designed such a way that it can conserve the limited energy resources of the sensors. In this paper we are proposing an energy efficient routing in wireless sensor network with the help of information high way which is designed by the proposed modified cyclic cellular automata scheme. The energy efficient routing via information high way in sensor network (EERIH) is more energy saving compared to other existing techniques. In our proposed model, nodes send their data to base station with minimum energy loss by the information high way. The EERIH is also tolerating faults of cluster head and traffic nodes failure.
20 citations
02 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The simulation result depicts that life time of the nodes increases with respect to other existing energy conservation techniques, and the EER (Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Network) technique define optimal size of clusters where data are aggregated properly and data routing occurs in energy efficient way.
Abstract: Sensor Networks are usually large collections of sensing nodes. The main constrain of sensor network is that the sensor nodes have constant power source. They cannot be recharged or replaced once deployed. Topological control is a popular technique for energy conservation in sensor networks. Therefore, numbers of cluster base energy conservation technique are defined previously. In cluster base technique, main problems are proper data aggregation and a large amount of energy wastage to make cluster. In this paper we study the problem of efficient data propagation with proper data aggregation model in wireless sensor networks. The EER (Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Network) technique define optimal size of clusters where data are aggregated properly and data routing occurs in energy efficient way. In EER, clusters are generated with the help of L-system CA scheme. Data routing path is also decided by L-system CA scheme. The simulation result depicts that life time of the nodes increases with respect to other existing energy conservation techniques.
19 citations
TL;DR: The aim of the study was to find out whether integrated teaching or classical medical studies produce better doctors, and the results were alarming, which can bring about amendments in course curriculum of universities in future.
Abstract: Objective: : Course curriculum of medical sciences is made by learned professors of Universities, politicians and the government officers in education ministry without consulting the students for whom it is made. Student’s Accreditation of curriculum may be useful in further modification of teaching & learning methods. In Nepal, Medical education is an experimental integrated teaching of four and half years for MBBS degree is going on for more than two decades, until now no Accreditation has been done as to what type of Doctors we are producing. The aim of the study was to find out whether integrated teaching or classical medical studies produce better doctors. Material & Methods: The study was conducted from November 2009 to February 2010 at Manipal college of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. The present study was done to asses the teaching/learning and evaluation procedures adopted by getting Accreditation from students of 2nd, 3rd and 4th semester A structured questionnaire was prepared and a pilot study consisting of 10 students from each batch (randomly selected) was done. Results were analyzed and discussed by the authors before undertaking the main study. Later in the main study accreditation of 186 medical students was collected by same multigraded questionnaire and analyzed for the benefit of further modification of medical education by universities and medical colleges in Nepal in particular and general elsewhere. Results: All the results of the study were discussed in detailed one by one in discussion .Out of them for example one of the result of the study was that subjects like Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology should be reduced or not at all taught in first 2 semesters and should be continued till 7th semester like community medicine when the students attend clinical subjects for better understanding of medicine and producing better doctors. Conclusion: Overall the results were alarming & may be taken up seriously by the policy makers. They can bring about amendments in course curriculum of universities in future.
18 citations
22 Jul 2011
TL;DR: The proposed distributed fault detection and node management scheme (DFDNM) can detects and manages the faulty nodes in an energy efficient manner and shows how DFDNM perform well comparison to others faults detection algorithms.
Abstract: This paper presents a distributed fault detection and node management scheme with the help of cellular automata in wireless sensor networks. The node failure is detected in distributed way and the cellular automata are used for network management. The linear cellular automata run on every sensor nodes and each sensor node set own state with the help of CA. The faulty are detected by neighbour node’s temporal and spatial correlation of sensing information and heart beat message passing by the cluster head. The proposed distributed fault detection and node management scheme (DFDNM) can detects and manages the faulty nodes in an energy efficient manner. The simulation result shows how DFDNM perform well comparison to others faults detection algorithms.
14 citations
TL;DR: The simulation results establish that the cyclic cellular automata based clustering for energy conservation in sensor networks (CCABC) is more reliable than the existing schemes where clustering and CA based energy saving technique is used.
Abstract: Sensor network has been recognized as the most significant technology for next century. Despites of its potential application, wireless sensor network encounters resource restriction such as low power, reduced bandwidth and specially limited power sources. This work proposes an efficient technique for the conservation of energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN) by forming an effective cluster of the network nodes distributed over a wide range of geographical area. The clustering scheme is developed around a specified class of cellular automata (CA) referred to as the modified cyclic cellular automata (mCCA). It sets a number of nodes in stand-by mode at an instance of time without compromising the area of network coverage and thereby conserves the battery power. The proposed scheme also determines an effective cluster size where the inter-cluster and intra-cluster communication cost is minimum. The simulation results establish that the cyclic cellular automata based clustering for energy conservation in sensor networks (CCABC) is more reliable than the existing schemes where clustering and CA based energy saving technique is used. Keywords— Modified cyclic cellular automata (mCCA), clustering, wireless sensor network (WSN), base station (BS)
7 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an efficient technique for the conservation of energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN) by forming an effective cluster of the network nodes distributed over a wide range of geographical area.
Abstract: Sensor network has been recognized as the most significant technology for next century. Despites of its potential application, wireless sensor network encounters resource restriction such as low power, reduced bandwidth and specially limited power sources. This work proposes an efficient technique for the conservation of energy in a wireless sensor network (WSN) by forming an effective cluster of the network nodes distributed over a wide range of geographical area. The clustering scheme is developed around a specified class of cellular automata (CA) referred to as the modified cyclic cellular automata (mCCA). It sets a number of nodes in stand-by mode at an instance of time without compromising the area of network coverage and thereby conserves the battery power. The proposed scheme also determines an effective cluster size where the inter-cluster and intra-cluster communication cost is minimum. The simulation results establish that the cyclic cellular automata based clustering for energy conservation in sensor networks (CCABC) is more reliable than the existing schemes where clustering and CA based energy saving technique is used.
1 citations
05 Aug 2011
TL;DR: This paper proposes an energy efficient multipath fault tolerant routing protocol in wireless sensor networks referred as MFTR, which uses multiple data routing path for fault tolerance and traffic control and depicts better result compare to other popular fault tolerant techniques in wireless Sensor networks.
Abstract: In the modern age huge amount of wireless sensor networks is used for security surveillance and environments monitoring. The main challenge is to improve fault tolerance percentage of wireless sensor networks and also provide an energy efficient fast data routing service. In wireless sensor networks energy conservation is most significant because every sensor node has a constant power supply. In this paper we propose an energy efficient multipath fault tolerant routing protocol in wireless sensor networks referred as MFTR. The MFTR use multiple data routing path for fault tolerance and traffic control. One shortest path is use for main data routing in MFTR technique and other two backup paths are used as alternative path for faulty network and to handle the overloaded traffic on main channel. The performances analysis of MFTR depicts better result compare to other popular fault tolerant techniques in wireless sensor networks.
19 Jul 2011
TL;DR: Sector based fault detection and recovery technique (SBFDR) which is also energy competent is proposed which is more capable to detect sensor nodes faults and recover the faulty nodes in an energy efficient manner and energy loss and fault recovery time is very low.
Abstract: Sensor Networks are usually large collection of sensing nodes collecting data from monitoring environment and transmit to base station by multi hop wireless communication The occurrences of faults in wireless sensor network are very high due to wireless communication and random deployment policy Energy conservation in sensor network is another challenge to improve applicability of wireless sensor networks In this paper, we propose sector based fault detection and recovery technique (SBFDR) which is also energy competent In SBFDR, sensor nodes are arranged into some clusters Cluster head and sensor nodes are jointly detect the fault of sensor nodes Sensor node’s faults are recovered by the cluster head’s fault recovery policy The simulation result depicts that the SBFDR technique more capable to detect sensor nodes faults and recover the faulty nodes in an energy efficient manner Energy loss and fault recovery time is very low in SBFDR technique compare to other popular fault detection and recovery techniques
01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: A distributed job scheduling technique is proposed where the energy hole problem is solved and the limited sensor nodes resources are managed in such way that the network's performance is higher compared to other existing job allocation techniques.
Abstract: Wireless sensor network is a collection of hundreds and thousands of low cost sensing device whose main job is to collect data from monitoring environment. Sensor nodes are randomly distributed in monitoring area. The contiguous job allocation in sensor network create fragmentation problem which leaves out certain nodes within the network without any allocation. Uneven job scheduling creates energy holes in the network. In this paper we propose a distributed job scheduling technique where we solve energy hole problem and we also manage limited sensor nodes resources in such way that the network's performance is higher compared to other existing job allocation techniques. In this scheme in spite of base station (as in centralized approach) the job scheduling is performed by the distributed cluster heads. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed work.