The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society

Work and the Nature of man

Determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study.

by Fritz Machlup. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1962. Pp. xx+416. $7.50. In this book Professor Machlup has twice defined knowledge as \"any human (or human-induced) activity designed to create, alter, or confirm in a human mind-one's own or anyone else's-a meaningful apperception, awareness, cognizance, or consciousness of whatever it may be.\" Though the term \"distribution\" appears in his title, it is in fact subsumed under knowledge production; Machlup is using \"distribution\" in the sense of knowledge transmission or diffusion as a process, which becomes part of \"production\" in economic analysis through exactly the same logic that identifies retailing, for example, as an economically \"productive\" activity. Knowledge production is thus defined to include many types of activities: transporting (e.g., postal services), transforming, data-processing, interpreting, and analyzing, as well as the original creation of new knowledge by discovery or invention. Machlup's concern is with three tasks: 1. A reasoned introductory presentation of concepts and types of knowledge. This analysis provides the broad framework and criteria for selection of what is to be included as knowledge-producing. 2. The measurement of the components of knowledge production and its share in gross national product or national income. This task occupies the bulk of the book. 3. The presentation of a program of school reform. Although the definition of knowledge cuts an exceedingly wide swath, Machlup narrows his task to manageable proportions by

The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States.

A. Main Factors of Attraction 1. Physical attraction We would like to believe that beauty is only skin deep, and therefore, a trivial determinant of liking. Indeed, when asked what they looked for in a potential date, most people put physical attractiveness at the bottom of their list. Elaine Hatfield randomly matched incoming students at the University of Minnesota for a blind date. The students previously had been given a battery of personality tests. Intelligence, masculinity, femininity, dominance, submission, dependence, independence, sensitivity and sincerity had little effect on liking. The one determinant of whether or not a couple liked each other and actually repeated their date was their physical attractiveness.

http://www.airitifile.com/al/15603822/5358/15603822-200004-x-48-39-46-a.pdf

從人際吸引(interpersonal attraction)的觀點談體育課中師生的互動

Students and backpacks are a common sight today. Backpacks come in all sizes, colors, fabrics, and shapes and help children’s of all ages express their own personal sense of style. Many packs feature multiple compartments that help students stay organized while they carry their books and papers from home to school and back again. Backpacks are, though, they can strain muscles and joints and may cause back pain if they're too heavy or are used incorrectly. Many students carry school backpacks that exceed 10 percent to 15 percent of their body weight, which puts them at risk for back pain and related disorders. Improper backpack use can also lead to poor posture. Girls and younger kids may be especially at risk for backpack-related injuries because they're smaller and may carry loads that are heavier in proportion to their body weight. Carrying backpacks increases the risk of back pain and possibly the risk of back pathology. The prevalence of school children carrying heavy backpacks is extremely high. The daily physical stresses associated with carrying backpacks cause significant forward lean of the head and trunk. It is assumed that daily intermittent abnormal postural adaptations could result in pain and disability in school going children. American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) and the America Academy of Pediatrics advise that students should carry no more than 15% or 10-20% of their bodyweight. Key WordsBackpack, back pain, children, prevalence, posture

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Back Problems Due To Heavy Backpacks in School Children

Communication channels play pivotal role in disseminating information. But when the bulk of population is illiterate and inaccessible to modern means of communication, the challenge is all the more difficult. In this situation mass media like radio can play a significant role in disseminating information. Radio is a very popular and powerful communication medium and has proved very effective in helping to disseminate agricultural information. One of the special features of All India Radio is its 'farm and home units', which are engaged in disseminating scientific information about farming to needy people living mostly in poorly accessible villages. There are number of sources of agricultural information which a farmer can use. In order to find out how the farmers rate radio broadcast in respect of the credibility of the information as compared to other sources. The radio programme of AIR Dharwad has been taken to investigate the credibility issue. The respondents for this study were selected from three districts of Karnataka. From Dharwad-88 farmers; Gadag86 farmers and Bijapur-86 farmers were selected randomly. Finally 260 farmers were selected for the study. The primary data was collected through structured questionnaire. The results indicate that the farm radio programmes are the second credible, next to agriculture extension workers. This might be due to the fact that extension worker is very much available in the village and gives the information in required format. It is obvious that the Farm and Home units programmes should be more effective, to achieve high credibility. Further, content of the farm radio programmes, which once broadcasted should be made available in print form and possibly in audio form as well in all the Raita Salaha Kendras (Advice Centre for Farmers) for reference by the farmers.

Credibility of Radio Programmes in the Dissemination of Agricultural Information: A Case Study of Air Dharwad, Karnataka

Pharmaceutical industry contributes to the welfare of humanity and provides significant socioeconomic benefits to the society through creation of jobs, supply chains and community development. Indian Pharmaceutical industry is one of the world’s largest and most developed, ranking fourth in terms of volume and thirteenth in terms of value. The country accounts for an estimated 10% of global production and 2% of world markets in pharmaceuticals. It has over the years made significant progress in infrastructure development, technical capability and hence produced a wide range of pharmaceutical products. The industry now produces bulk drugs under all major therapeutic groups. It has a sizable technically skilled manpower with prowess in process development and downstream processing. It has the capital investment of about US$4.1billion. It produced bulk drugs of value of US$3.5 billion and formulations worth US$15.4billion in 2008. Bulk drugs have grown at a rate of approximately 14%, and formulation by 24% in the nineties. There is an increasing interest and investment in R&D. It provides employments 29 million people. The contribution of pharmaceutical sector in India’s GDP is 2% and 12% of manufacturing sector GDP.

http://files.figshare.com/1843757/H01335166.pdf

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview

The thrust of this study was to examine the main explanatory variables for the rapid teachers’ turn over in public secondary schools in Mbeere South Sub-County, Embu County Kenya. The study was premised on in investment Human Capital Theory, proposed by Becker (1993). The objectives of the study were threefold, namely to: analyse school management policies, the attitude of teachers, and personal characteristics of teachers on rate of turnover among teachers in public secondary schools in Mbeere subcounty, Embu County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Combinations of purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 29 principals and 120 teachers yielding a total sample size of 149 participants. A questionnaire, piloted prior to data collection to determine its validity and reliability, was used as the main research instrument. In-depth interview with principals corroborated and complimented data generated through questionnaires. The main findings were that the teacher turnover was high and fluctuating having increased from 4.27% in 2009 to 8.21%, in 2010 and marginally decreased to 7.2% in 2011. The main reasons for the high teachers’ turn over were: job dissatisfaction among teachers as results of poor motivation and remuneration, limited avenues for promotions and professional growth due to unsupportive school and government policies. It was recommends that the Government of Kenya through the Ministry of Education and Salaries and Remuneration Commission should put in place functional teacher professional development strategies and enhanced remuneration initiatives to enhance their efficiency, productivity and reduce current turnover; amongst others .(249 words).

/pdf/teachers-turnover-what-are-the-explanatory-variables-in-58e9ydm184.pdf

Teachers’ Turnover: What Are The Explanatory Variables in Public Secondary Schools in Mbeere South Sub-County, Embu County, Kenya?

The article interrogated NEPAD and challenges of poverty alleviation in Nigeria. It tried to ascertain if the application of neo-liberal framework in the implementation of NEPAD undermine poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Analysis was anchored on the neo-liberal theory and qualitative method of data collection was used to glean data from documentary evidence of secondary sources. Qualitative descriptive analysis was employed with logical induction. The article revealed that at present the NEPAD target on poverty in Nigeria is unlikely to be met. The problem is that market-driven policies avoid analysis of power relations, which ultimately determines inequality and poverty. Again, poverty alleviation using the instrumentality of NEPAD is untenable under a neo-liberal economic framework. On the basis of our findings we recommend that the Nigerian state can only fight the war against poverty if it adopts a welfarist approach or regulated capitalism.

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Iosr Journals

Papers

Back Problems Due To Heavy Backpacks in School Children

Credibility of Radio Programmes in the Dissemination of Agricultural Information: A Case Study of Air Dharwad, Karnataka

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Overview

Teachers’ Turnover: What Are The Explanatory Variables in Public Secondary Schools in Mbeere South Sub-County, Embu County, Kenya?

New Partnership for Africa’s Development and Challenges of Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria