Showing papers by "Irene S. Fahim published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , several adsorbent materials, including nanomaterials, natural materials, and biological biomasses, are identified as effective adsorbents for textile effluents.
Abstract: Water contamination with colours and heavy metals from textile effluents has harmed the ecology and food chain, with mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on human health. As a result, removing these harmful chemicals is critical for the environment and human health. Various standard physicochemical and biological treatment technologies are used; however, there are still some difficulties. Adsorption is described as a highly successful technology for removing contaminants from textile-effluents wastewater compared to other methods. Several adsorbent materials, including nanomaterials, natural materials, and biological biomasses, are identified as effective adsorbents for textile effluents. Activated carbon preparation from these different adsorbents is an excellent pre-treatment to remove the adsorption capacity. Therefore, through this study various adsorbent types, especially activated carbon adsorbents will be discussed in addition to the factors affecting adsorption and models applied for optimising the adsorption process.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a biopolymer made from starch and sugarcane bagasse pulp was used to replace the standard plastic as a packaging material, and the results showed that the fabricated biopolymers of starch and bagasse composite is very prominent to take the lead as packing material of future possibilities for green material adoption.
Abstract: Nowadays, food packaging plastics is one of the largest markets that consume thermoplastics. Regardless, the packaging industry accounts for the majority of plastic waste that is polluting the environment. Furthermore, because petroleum sources are limited and on the verge of depletion, there is a need to develop alternative materials that can perform the same functions as conventional plastics. Hence, many solutions have emerged in the now time being. Biopolymers have demonstrated great potential as green materials, despite their poor market penetration. They can be a very remarkable alternative and moreover possess an outstanding friendliness characteristic. Bioplastics are a critical key player in turning the plastics sector from a wasteful linear economy to a circular economy. Their expanding use will have better impacts, not just in terms of the environment and economy, but also in terms of functionality. This paper has been attempted to accomplish a biopolymer—made out of starch and sugarcane bagasse pulp in the regard of replacing the current standard plastic as packaging material. The results state the fabricated biopolymer of starch and bagasse composite is very prominent to take the lead as packing material of future possibilities for green material adoption. Moreover, the addition of the bagasse enhanced the mechanical property, and the castor oil boosted the flexibility and hence elongation. Through such work of the article, the conclusion of the bio-based film to compete at a superior level with the current plastic film properties in the market is basically proved.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the possibility of improving the performance of organic solar cells theoretically by inserting microscopic parameters such as mobility, recombination factor, generation rate, and carriers density into the macroscopic single diode model.
Abstract: Abstract Organic solar cells performance enhancement is driven by improvements in device parameters. Compared to conventional silicon-based devices, the photo-generation process in organic devices is more complicated. This work investigates the possibility of improving the device performance theoretically by inserting microscopic parameters such as mobility, recombination factor, generation rate, and carriers density into the macroscopic single diode model. A proper selection of parameters leads to enhancement in $$(V_{oc}, I_{sc})$$ ( V oc , I sc ) and ( FF ) while others should be avoided. A compromise between accuracy and speed can be achieved. Balanced mobility enhances short circuit current and the open-circuit voltage while higher values of ideality factor inhibit device performance. Graphical Abstract
22 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , an animal-based natural binder that could be used in the production of wood from cotton stalks has been investigated and compared to synthetic binders such as formaldehyde and ecofriendly formaldehyde, as well as natural binders, such as lignin and cardanol and tannin.
Abstract: The continued logging for hardwood in subtropical rainforests is causing deforestation and the destruction of diverse environmental ecosystems. Synthetic plastics and particle boards containing synthetic binders such as formaldehydes are alternatives to hardwood, both of which are harmful to the environment and human health. To eliminate wood logging, various biomaterials could be used as promising alternatives to wooden materials. Cotton have been shown to be a viable alternative to various types of wood. Binders are essential in the production of composite wood from cotton. Natural, environmentally friendly binders that can economically and technically replace synthetic formaldehydes in particle boards have been sought after by scientists. Almost all identified natural binders are derived from plants. Comparison of the various alternatives reveals that neither alternative has been able to be a complete substitute for synthetic binders for a variety of reasons, including thermal stability and adhesive strength in some cases. There is also a lack of research into glue as a potential alternative, according to the literature. As a result, the goal of thisstudy is to contribute to analyzing this gap by investigating the technological readiness level for an animal-based natural binder that could be used in the production of wood from cotton stalks. This natural animal binder is fabricated in the lab, and itseconomic feasibility is compared to synthetic binders such as formaldehyde and ecofriendly formaldehyde, as well as natural binders such as lignin and cardanol and tannin. The findings indicate that using animal-based alternative binders as a replacement for synthetic binders has a high potential. To confirm the technical feasibility of the animal-based binder, additional research and tests for the physical characteristics of the resulting wood from the binder, such as bonding force, bending strength, and cohesion, would be required.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , Vilarinho et al. describe the properties of functional materials and their properties can be modified and adjusted for several applications such as energy storage, micro-systems, and microelectromechanical systems.
Abstract: Functional materials incorporate dielectrics, piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, semiconductors, and superconductors. They have exceptional properties depending on their structure, shape, and arrangement. Their properties can be modified and adjusted for several applications such as energy storage, microsystems, and microelectromechanical systems. Functional materials could perform a specific function under a defined stimulus. The function is always related to an electric, magnetic, or optical property (Vilarinho et al., 2006).
22 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a guideline for selecting the optimum tower structure based on the surrounding environment is proposed, and a structural analysis is done for the three types of telecom tower structures when subjected to wind loads using TNX tower software to analyze the difference in their behavior under wind loads.
Abstract: Telecommunication towers are essential infrastructure in today's fast-paced world. Lattice self-supporting towers, monopole towers, and guyed towers are the three types of structures that can be used for telecommunications towers. When analyzing telecom tower loads, wind loads are the most important ones to address. As a result, it is necessary to choose an appropriate structure that can withstand the wind and the surrounding environment. The main aim of this paper is to propose a guideline for selecting the optimum tower structure based on the surrounding environment. In order to create this guideline, a structural analysis is done for the three types of telecom tower structures when subjected to wind loads using TNX tower software to analyze the difference in their behavior under wind loads. The analysis is done under two wind speeds of 90Km/hr and 120Km/hr, and subject to different wind exposures, namely Exposure B & Exposure D, representing different locations and surroundings. Afterward, a guideline is proposed for selecting the most suitable tower structure based on the surroundings.
22 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a decision tree (DT) is used to estimate any increase in the load on telecommunication towers and a classification is performed with the support of DT to keep track of the current condition of the tower and determine whether or not the applied load estimated by the algorithm is safe for the tower structure.
Abstract: This paper presents a decision tree (DT) modeling technique to estimate any increase in the load on telecommunication towers. A structural analysis was done for the lattice and mono-pole towers using TNX Tower software to determine the basic features of the towers, such as tilt angle, deflection, twist, and acceleration. The structure analysis generated a data set based on wind speeds. This data set was then used to train a machine-learning algorithm to estimate the loads on the structure. Any change in the applied loads greater than the loads considered in the design might be identified using such a predictor, allowing appropriate action to be taken in response. Finally, a classification is performed with the support of DT to keep track of the current condition of the tower and determine whether or not the applied load estimated by the algorithm is safe for the tower structure.
TL;DR: In this article , a comparative case study is performed between 45 m height lattice tower and monopole tower in Egypt, two locations were considered, the first is inside the city and the second is an open terrain.
Abstract: Abstract Communication towers are vital assets in our daily lives as they transfer signals between cell phones facilitating communication and commerce among people and businesses all around the world. Wind loads are crucial in the communication towers design since they are tall and slender. With climate change bringing more storms and higher wind speeds, it is more crucial to research the finest tower structure that withstands such conditions with the least life cycle cost. Therefore, in this paper, a comparative case study is performed between 45 m height lattice tower and monopole tower in Egypt. Two locations were considered, the first is inside the city and the second is an open terrain. In addition, two load scenarios were investigated. The comparison parameters are the behavior under critical wind loads taking into account three wind speeds which are 100 km/hr, 130 km/hr and 140 km/hr, and life cycle cost analysis. It was found that the lattice tower behaves better under critical wind loads with a maximum tilting equal to 0.4784 degrees at location 1, load 2, and a wind speed of 140 km/hr compared to 0.5806 in the case of the monopole tower. Similarly, the lattice tower behaves better at the second location as well. However, the monopole tower has less life cycle cost with a total life cycle cost of 3,201,846.80 EGP compared to 4,380,419.91EGP in case of lattice tower. Therefore, based on the location, wind speed, and available land area, and life cycle cost assessment, the optimum tower structure could be selected.