How to Do Things With Words

Ontologies tend to be found everywhere. They are viewed as the silver bullet for many applications, such as database integration, peer-to-peer systems, e-commerce, semantic web services, or social networks. However, in open or evolving systems, such as the semantic web, different parties would, in general, adopt different ontologies. Thus, merely using ontologies, like using XML, does not reduce heterogeneity: it just raises heterogeneity problems to a higher level. Euzenat and Shvaikos book is devoted to ontology matching as a solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem faced by computer systems. Ontology matching aims at finding correspondences between semantically related entities of different ontologies. These correspondences may stand for equivalence as well as other relations, such as consequence, subsumption, or disjointness, between ontology entities. Many different matching solutions have been proposed so far from various viewpoints, e.g., databases, information systems, and artificial intelligence. The second edition of Ontology Matching has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in this quickly developing area, which resulted in more than 150 pages of new content. In particular, the book includes a new chapter dedicated to the methodology for performing ontology matching. It also covers emerging topics, such as data interlinking, ontology partitioning and pruning, context-based matching, matcher tuning, alignment debugging, and user involvement in matching, to mention a few. More than 100 state-of-the-art matching systems and frameworks were reviewed. With Ontology Matching, researchers and practitioners will find a reference book that presents currently available work in a uniform framework. In particular, the work and the techniques presented in this book can be equally applied to database schema matching, catalog integration, XML schema matching and other related problems. The objectives of the book include presenting (i) the state of the art and (ii) the latest research results in ontology matching by providing a systematic and detailed account of matching techniques and matching systems from theoretical, practical and application perspectives.

Ontology Matching

Graph database models can be defined as those in which data structures for the schema and instances are modeled as graphs or generalizations of them, and data manipulation is expressed by graph-oriented operations and type constructors. These models took off in the eighties and early nineties alongside object-oriented models. Their influence gradually died out with the emergence of other database models, in particular geographical, spatial, semistructured, and XML. Recently, the need to manage information with graph-like nature has reestablished the relevance of this area. The main objective of this survey is to present the work that has been conducted in the area of graph database modeling, concentrating on data structures, query languages, and integrity constraints.

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Survey of graph database models

This is a survey on graph visualization and navigation techniques, as used in information visualization. Graphs appear in numerous applications such as Web browsing, state-transition diagrams, and data structures. The ability to visualize and to navigate in these potentially large, abstract graphs is often a crucial part of an application. Information visualization has specific requirements, which means that this survey approaches the results of traditional graph drawing from a different perspective.

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Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey

Computational geometry

The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006

Research Track.- Ranking Ontologies with AKTiveRank.- Three Semantics for Distributed Systems and Their Relations with Alignment Composition.- Semantics and Complexity of SPARQL.- Ontology-Driven Automatic Entity Disambiguation in Unstructured Text.- Augmenting Navigation for Collaborative Tagging with Emergent Semantics.- On the Semantics of Linking and Importing in Modular Ontologies.- RS2D: Fast Adaptive Search for Semantic Web Services in Unstructured P2P Networks.- SADIe: Semantic Annotation for Accessibility.- Automatic Annotation of Web Services Based on Workflow Definitions.- A Constraint-Based Approach to Horizontal Web Service Composition.- GINO - A Guided Input Natural Language Ontology Editor.- Fresnel: A Browser-Independent Presentation Vocabulary for RDF.- A Software Engineering Approach to Design and Development of Semantic Web Service Applications.- A Model Driven Approach for Building OWL DL and OWL Full Ontologies.- IRS-III: A Broker for Semantic Web Services Based Applications.- Provenance Explorer - Customized Provenance Views Using Semantic Inferencing.- On How to Perform a Gold Standard Based Evaluation of Ontology Learning.- Characterizing the Semantic Web on the Web.- MultiCrawler: A Pipelined Architecture for Crawling and Indexing Semantic Web Data.- /facet: A Browser for Heterogeneous Semantic Web Repositories.- Using Ontologies for Extracting Product Features from Web Pages.- Block Matching for Ontologies.- A Relaxed Approach to RDF Querying.- Mining Information for Instance Unification.- The Summary Abox: Cutting Ontologies Down to Size.- Semantic Metadata Generation for Large Scientific Workflows.- Reaching Agreement over Ontology Alignments.- A Formal Model for Semantic Web Service Composition.- Evaluating Conjunctive Triple Pattern Queries over Large Structured Overlay Networks.- PowerMap: Mapping the Real Semantic Web on the Fly.- Ontology-Driven Information Extraction with OntoSyphon.- Ontology Query Answering on Databases.- Formal Model for Ontology Mapping Creation.- A Semantic Context-Aware Access Control Framework for Secure Collaborations in Pervasive Computing Environments.- Extracting Relations in Social Networks from the Web Using Similarity Between Collective Contexts.- Can OWL and Logic Programming Live Together Happily Ever After?.- Innovation Detection Based on User-Interest Ontology of Blog Community.- Modeling Social Attitudes on the Web.- A Framework for Ontology Evolution in Collaborative Environments.- Extending Faceted Navigation for RDF Data.- Reducing the Inferred Type Statements with Individual Grouping Constructs.- A Framework for Schema-Driven Relationship Discovery from Unstructured Text.- Web Service Composition Via Generic Procedures and Customizing User Preferences.- Querying the Semantic Web with Preferences.- ONTOCOM: A Cost Estimation Model for Ontology Engineering.- Tree-Structured Conditional Random Fields for Semantic Annotation.- Framework for an Automated Comparison of Description Logic Reasoners.- Integrating and Querying Parallel Leaf Shape Descriptions.- A Survey of the Web Ontology Landscape.- CropCircles: Topology Sensitive Visualization of OWL Class Hierarchies.- Towards Knowledge Acquisition from Information Extraction.- A Method for Learning Part-Whole Relations.- Semantic Web in Use.- OntoWiki - A Tool for Social, Semantic Collaboration.- Towards a Semantic Web of Relational Databases: A Practical Semantic Toolkit and an In-Use Case from Traditional Chinese Medicine.- Information Integration Via an End-to-End Distributed Semantic Web System.- NEWS: Bringing Semantic Web Technologies into News Agencies.- Semantically-Enabled Large-Scale Science Data Repositories.- Construction and Use of Role-Ontology for Task-Based Service Navigation System.- Enabling an Online Community for Sharing Oral Medicine Cases Using Semantic Web Technologies.- EKOSS: A Knowledge-User Centered Approach to Knowledge Sharing, Discovery, and Integration on the Semantic Web.- Ontogator - A Semantic View-Based Search Engine Service for Web Applications.- Explaining Conclusions from Diverse Knowledge Sources.- A Mixed Initiative Semantic Web Framework for Process Composition.- Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience.- Towards Semantic Interoperability in a Clinical Trials Management System.- Active Semantic Electronic Medical Record.- Semantic Web Challenge.- Foafing the Music: Bridging the Semantic Gap in Music Recommendation.- Semantic MediaWiki.- Enabling Semantic Web Communities with DBin: An Overview.- MultimediaN E-Culture Demonstrator.- A Semantic Web Services GIS Based Emergency Management Application.- Doctoral Consortium.- Package-Based Description Logics - Preliminary Results.- Distributed Policy Management in Semantic Web.- Evaluation of SPARQL Queries Using Relational Databases.- Dynamic Contextual Regulations in Open Multi-agent Systems.- From Typed-Functional Semantic Web Services to Proofs.- Towards a Usable Group Editor for Ontologies.- Talking to the Semantic Web - Query Interfaces to Ontologies for the Casual User.- Changing Ontology Breaks Queries.- Towards a Global Scale Semantic Web.- Schema Mappings for the Web.- Triple Space Computing for Semantic Web Services - A PhD Roadmap.- Toward Making Online Biological Data Machine Understandable.- KeynoteAbstracts.- Where the Social Web Meets the Semantic Web.- The Semantic Web: Suppliers and Customers.- The Semantic Web and Networked Governance: Promise and Challenges.

The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006: 5th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2006, Athens, GA, USA, November 5-9, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

We present the AgreementMaker system for matching real-world schemas and ontologies, which may consist of hundreds or even thousands of concepts. The end users of the system are sophisticated domain experts whose needs have driven the design and implementation of the system: they require a responsive, powerful, and extensible framework to perform, evaluate, and compare matching methods. The system comprises a wide range of matching methods addressing different levels of granularity of the components being matched (conceptual vs. structural), the amount of user intervention that they require (manual vs. automatic), their usage (stand-alone vs. composed), and the types of components to consider (schema only or schema and instances). Performance measurements (recall, precision, and runtime) are supported by the system, along with the weighted combination of the results provided by those methods. The AgreementMaker has been used and tested in practical applications and in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) competition. We report here on some of its most advanced features, including its extensible architecture that facilitates the integration and performance tuning of a variety of matching methods, its capability to evaluate, compare, and combine matching results, and its user interface with a control panel that drives all the matching methods and evaluation strategies.

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AgreementMaker: efficient matching for large real-world schemas and ontologies

We define a language G for querying data represented as a labeled graph G. By considering G as a relation, this graphical query language can be viewed as a relational query language, and its expressive power can be compared to that of other relational query languages. We do not propose G as an alternative to general purpose relational query languages, but rather as a complementary language in which recursive queries are simple to formulate. The user is aided in this formulation by means of a graphical interface. The provision of regular expressions in G allows recursive queries more general than transitive closure to be posed, although the language is not as powerful as those based on function-free Horn clauses. However, we hope to be able to exploit well-known graph algorithms in evaluating recursive queries efficiently, a topic which has received widespread attention recently.

A graphical query language supporting recursion

AgreementMaker is one of the leading ontology matching systems, thanks to its combination of a flexible and extensible framework with a comprehensive user interface. In many domains, such as the biomedical, ontologies are becoming increasingly large thus presenting new challenges. We have developed a new core framework, AgreementMakerLight, focused on computational efficiency and designed to handle very large ontologies, while preserving most of the flexibility and extensibility of the original AgreementMaker framework. We evaluated the efficiency of AgreementMakerLight in two OAEI tracks: Anatomy and Large Biomedical Ontologies, obtaining excellent run time results. In addition, for the Anatomy track, AgreementMakerLight is now the best system as measured in terms of F-measure. Also in terms of F-measure, AgreementMakerLight is competitive with the best OAEI performers in two of the three tasks of the Large Biomedical Ontologies track that match whole ontologies.

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Isabel F. Cruz

Papers

The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006

The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006: 5th International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2006, Athens, GA, USA, November 5-9, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

AgreementMaker: efficient matching for large real-world schemas and ontologies

A graphical query language supporting recursion

The AgreementMakerLight Ontology Matching System