A system is disclosed for reducing or removing a form of read disturb in a non-volatile storage device. One embodiment seeks to prevent read disturb by eliminating or minimizing boosting of the channel of the memory elements. For example, one implementation prevents or reduces boosting of the source side of the NAND string channel during a read process. Because the source side of the NAND string channel is not boosted, at least one form of read disturb is minimized or does not occur.

Reducing read disturb for non-volatile storage

In a data recording apparatus capable of recording data while varying the amount of data per unit of time (at a variable rate), the present invention makes it possible to indicate an allowable recording time period on a disc and operational information according to user-specified setup conditions and the remaining capacity of the disc when a user determines conditions for record programming. An allowable recording time period on the disc is calculated on the basis of the remaining capacity of the disc and at least one of the following parameters; a maximum variable-rate value, a minimum variable-rate value, and an average variable-rate value to enable recording video data in most cases. Then, the result of calculation is displayed on a screen. Further, according to user-specified setup conditions including a programmed recording time period and the calculated allowable recording period on the disc, it is determined whether a normal variable-rate recording operation is applicable or an adjusted variable-rate recording operation is required. The result of the determination is displayed on a screen which is so arranged that the user can select either the normal variable-rate recording operation or the adjusted variable-rate recording operation.

Data recording apparatus

An audio signal encoding apparatus includes a frame dividing unit ( 1 ), an auditory psychological arithmetic unit ( 2 ), a filter bank unit ( 3 ), a scale factor calculation unit ( 4 ) which weights the spectra in the respective frequency bands by an arithmetic result of the auditory psychological arithmetic unit ( 2 ), a quantization step determination unit ( 7 ) which determines a quantization step of the entire frame prior to spectrum quantization by subtracting an information size of all quantized spectra from an auditory information size of all the weighted spectra before quantization, and multiplying the difference by a coefficient obtained from a step width of a quantization coarseness, a spectrum quantization unit ( 8 ), and a bit shaping unit ( 9 ) which outputs a bitstream obtained by shaping quantized spectra. The quantization step determination unit predicts the information size of all the quantized spectra based on a bit size assigned to a frame to be encoded.

Audio signal encoding apparatus and method

Provided are a method and an apparatus for decoding an audio signal. A method for decoding an audio signal encoded by a layered sinusoidal pulse coding scheme using one or more sinusoidal pulses includes decoding the encoded audio signal, setting a smoothing frequency band of the decoded audio signal according to a layer structure of the layered sinusoidal pulse coding scheme, dividing the smoothing frequency band into one or more subbands, and smoothing the decoded audio signal on a subband-by-subband basis. Accordingly, a decoding operation time can be reduced and the quality of a synthesized signal can be improved by variably setting a frequency band to be smoothed, when decoding an audio signal encoded by a layered sinusoidal pulse coding scheme using one or more sinusoidal pulses.

Method and apparatus for decoding audio signal

An electric toothbrush comprising a handle, a head, and a neck extending between the handle and the head. The electric toothbrush has a longitudinal axis. The handle has a hollow interior region, and has a motor disposed within the hollow region. The movable bristle holder is disposed on the head, and has a plurality of movable bristles disposed thereon. The drive shaft operatively connects the motor to the movable bristle holder to move the movable bristle holder and the bristles disposed on the movable bristle holder. The head has bristles disposed thereon. One or more bristles are disposed on a static portion of the head of the toothbrush. Movement of the drive shaft and/or the movable bristle holder results in movement of at least a portion of the one or more bristles disposed on the static portion of the toothbrush head.

Electric toothbrushes having movable, intermittently movable, and fixed bristles

PURPOSE:To search the program of aimed sounds at a high speed by reading out the frame number at a program searching position calculated from program searching position information designated from a conversion table on which the recording addresses of encoded data having variable lengths in each frame and frame numbers are correlated with each other. CONSTITUTION:A conversion table 17 on which the recording addresses of data having variable lengths which are prepared by encoding input audio signals at every frame by means of an A/D converter 2 and encoder 50 and frames numbers are made to correspond to each other is provided. A reading-out address generation circuit 26 reads out the recording address of data having the corresponding frame number from the table and the data at the address from a semiconductor memory 14. A frame number converter 24 obtains an aimed signal from the memory by reading out the corresponding frame number from positional information from a program searching position designating means 23 and setting the frame number in a reading-out address generator 25. Therefore, the program of a desired signal can be searched at a high speed when the signal is decoded by means of a decoder 60.

Semiconductor memory audio recording and reproducing device

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an audio signal coding/decoding device and an audio signal reproducing device by which an audio signal is continuously recorded without intermission of recording and intermission of a music signal on the half way. SOLUTION: A hierarchical coder 22 uses a division filter 27 to divide an audio signal into a prescribed number of blocks and a block size setting device 29 decides a sample size for MDCT. In the case that a change in the amplitude of a segmented sample is small, a block size of the MDCT is selected larger and in the case that a change in the amplitude of a segmented sample is large, a block size of the MDCT is selected smaller thereby suppressing production of a pre-echo.

Audio signal coding/decoding device and audio signal reproducing device

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an audio signal encoding and decoding device and an audio signal reproducing device which can continuously record a music signal without any break of sound recording nor the music signal. SOLUTION: A gradation encoder 22 divides an audio signal into specified blocks by a dividing filter 27 and determines a sample size of MDCT by a block size setter 29. The generation of a preecho is suppressed by making the block size of MDCT large when variation in the amplitude of a segmented sample is small and small when large.

Encoding and decoding device for audio signal

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an audio signal encoding/decoding device and an audio signal reproduction device, which can continuously conduct recording without the interruption of recording and the break of a music signal halfway. SOLUTION: In a hierarchical encoder 22, a division filter 27 divides an audio signal into prescribed blocks and a block size setting unit 29 decides a sample size by which MDCT is conducted. When the change of the amplitude of a segmented sample is small, the block size of MDCT is enlarged. When it is large, the block size of MDCT is made small and the occurrence of pre- echo is suppressed.

Ishida Sadanobu

Papers

Semiconductor memory audio recording and reproducing device

Audio signal coding/decoding device and audio signal reproducing device

Encoding and decoding device for audio signal

Audio signal encoding/decoding device