▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

The objectives of this research are to assess the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of carbon policies applied to the ruminant livestock sector [inclusive of the major ruminant species—cattle (Bos Taurus and Bos indicus), sheep (Ovis aries), and goats (Capra hircus)]—with particular emphasis on understanding the adjustment challenges posed by such policies. We show that market-based mitigation policies can greatly amplify the mitigation potential identified in marginal abatement cost studies by harnessing powerful market forces such as product substitution and trade. We estimate that a carbon tax of US$20 per metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent emissions could mitigate 626 metric megatons of CO 2 equivalent ruminant emissions per year (MtCO 2 -eq year −1 ). This policy would also incentivize a restructuring of cattle production, increasing the share of cattle meat coming from the multiproduct dairy sector compared to more emission intensive, single purpose beef sector. The mitigation potential from this simple policy represents an upper bound because it causes ruminant-based food production to fall and is therefore likely to be politically unpopular. In the spirit of the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC 2015), which expresses the ambition of reducing agricultural emissions while protecting food production, we assess a carbon policy that applies both a carbon tax and a subsidy to producers to manage the tradeoff between food production and mitigation. The policy maintains ruminant production and consumption levels in all regions, but for a much lower global emission reduction of 185 MtCO 2 -eq year −1 . This research provides policymakers with a quantitative basis for designing policies that attempt to trade off mitigation effectiveness with producer and consumer welfare.

The power and pain of market-based carbon policies

Production of Fuel from Agricultural Waste as a Tool for a Regional Environmental and Industrial Policy of Resource-Saving

The paper deals with the current state and problems of the Russian and World fuel and energy complex. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of alternative energy and the search for real opportunities to limit the monopoly power of oil producing and refining companies, which is a promising economic and technological task. The relevance of the paper is determined by the importance of solving the issues of searching for alternatives to hydrocarbon fuel in domestic and industrial use, especially for the Russian economy, for which the oilproducing and refining sector is not only a driver of economic development, but also a strategic lever for the implementation of geopolitical interests. In this regard, the paper considers the existing methods and suggests the approach to the use of biofuels as cheap and affordable raw materials for the development of alternativeenergy.

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Production of motor biofuels in the context of environmental management of the oil industry

New methods of processing bituminous and brown coal in synthetic and coal-water fuel production are now gaining relevance. On the one hand, this is dictated by the pragmatic need to reduce the dependence of industrial energy consumers on the prices and quality of hydrocarbon raw materials, especially in the context of the constant exacerbation of market restrictions associated with the pandemic and sanctions, on the other hand, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly methods of using synthetic and coal-water fuels. The article discusses the currently used technologies for the production of synthetic and coal-water fuels. The authors identify its main disadvantages and limitations and propose a schematic diagram of a technological line for coal-water fuel production with a linear layout. It allows obtaining fuel with good fluidity and higher stability, high-calorie content, and low ash content with less energy consumption.

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Synthetic and coal-water fuels improving is the instrument of industrial region sustainability increasing

Search for alternative heat and electricity generation methods is extremely relevant today. It is made imperative not only by the need to address the impact the price and quality of hydrocarbons have on Russia's heating industry, but also by the society's dire need for ecofriendly recycling of production and household waste. This paper dwells upon the currently applicable technologies for recycling woodworking waste and solid household waste; each technology is analyzed in terms of its cons and limitations. Besides, the paper proposes the authors' method that utilizes a continuous smelting unit running on industrial gas that helps simplify and reduce the cost of unsorted garbage disposal.

Ivan Dobrovolsky

Papers

Production of motor biofuels in the context of environmental management of the oil industry

Synthetic and coal-water fuels improving is the instrument of industrial region sustainability increasing

Economic and Technological Prospects of Solid Waste Pyrolysis as an Alternative Energy Source