Showing papers by "Ivana Marková published in 1994"

Delusional Misidentifications: Facts and Fancies

Abstract: The term 'delusional misidentification syndromes' (DMS) encompasses disparate clinical phenomena. This lack of agreement has resulted in a proliferation of definitions and classifications and impeded progress in aetiological research. It is suggested here that one reason for such confusion lies in current overemphasis on the content of such phenomena and a consequent neglect of their form. Research directed at clarifying the protean forms in which misidentifications manifest themselves should help to delineate more stable clinical phenomena and identify causal mechanisms.

The Mutual Construction of Asymmetries

Abstract: The concept of bi-directional development is based on the fundamental idea that an organism and its relevant environment are interdependent and that in the process of their mutual interaction they both co-develop. However, the amount and the quality of the development of an organism and its environment is asymmetrically distributed. Valsiner views the concept of asymmetry as one of the basic issues in co-constructivist theory. He maintains that asymmetries are jointly constructed in the developmental process and raises questions about the nature of the co-construction which must, in some ways, integrate intra-psychological and socio-cultural processes. In this chapter I propose to do two things. First, I shall discuss the mutual construction of asymmetries in various developmental domains. Second, I shall address the question, raised by Valsiner, as to whether asymmetry is compatible with the notion of shared codes in communication.

HIV/AIDS in scottish prisons: Attitudes of staff and prisoners

Abstract: Prison is commonly regarded as a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Five hundred and fifty-nine prisoners and 591 prison staff sampled from 8 Scottish prisons completed questionnaires concerning attitudes towards various issues of HIVIAIDS. A majority of prisoners and prison staff expressed liberal attitudes with respect to HIV/AIDS. For both staff and prisoners, the most liberal responses were to items dealing with personal and social contact with people with HIVIAIDS. A majority of prisoners and prison staff expressed conservative attitudes in relation to screening of individuals for HIV. With regard to differences between prisoners and prison staff, prisoners were more supportive than prison staff of the provision of free condoms to homosexuals and free condoms and syringes to intravenous drug users, and the provision of free medical care to both groups in the case of AIDS. Among the prisoner sample, intravenous drug users, in comparison to non-users, were found to be more...