Showing papers by "Ivana Marková published in 2018"
TL;DR: The conceptual underpinnings of the translational neurosciences in relation to psychiatry are explored, showing that translation is used in a metaphorical sense in this context but that this can be misleading because of the resultant connotation that there is equivalence between neurobiological states and mental states.
Abstract: As rapidly developing research disciplines and enterprises, the translational sciences have made significant impact on research direction in medicine. Psychiatry has likewise been affected, and in this regard, the translational neurosciences have been the major drivers. This paper explores the conceptual underpinnings of this enterprise in relation to psychiatry. It shows that translation is used in a metaphorical sense in this context but that this can be misleading because of the resultant connotation that there is equivalence between neurobiological states and mental states. Furthermore, this equivalence is reinforced by the unidirectional flow or bottom up approach of the translational process. Given that the epistemological basis to psychiatry is fundamentally different to that underlying medicine, questions are raised concerning the application of the translational neurosciences approach to mental symptoms and mental disorders. The hybrid structure of mental symptoms and mental disorders demands that attention is paid to the "semantic" as well as the neurobiological constituents. Neglect of the former would carry implications for the validity of research findings as well as have ethical consequences for treating patients. Translational neurosciences may have greater validity in those mental disorders and mental symptoms whose constitution and sense are carried by the neurobiological elements.
8 citations
TL;DR: Jahoda's research on children's development of ideas and concepts constitutes a fundamental contribution to social psychology as a developmental and cultural discipline as mentioned in this paper, and it has been used extensively in the field of child development.
Abstract: Gustav Jahoda’s research on children’s development of ideas and concepts constitutes a fundamental contribution to social psychology as a developmental and cultural discipline. Jahoda conceived hum...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the contributions of Gustav Jahoda to cross-cultural and cultural psychology are highlighted, focusing on culture, mind and history, cross-culture and cross-ciplinarity.
Abstract: This editorial highlights the contributions of Gustav Jahoda to cross-cultural and cultural psychology. Gustav’s broad and deep scholarship, focusing on culture, mind and history, crossed disciplin...
4 citations
07 Jun 2018
TL;DR: ‘Psychiatry’ presented itself as a branch of medicine seeking scientifically to explain the causes of objective phenomena and facts called ‘mental diseases’ and on the basis of such new knowledge to develop rational cures.
Abstract: Psychiatry (the old trade of ‘alienism’) is a new discipline. It was constructed during the 19th century under the aegis of medicine. Like all historical events, its foundation was assisted by contemporary assumptions, aspirations and a myth of origin. ‘Psychiatry’ presented itself as a branch of medicine seeking scientifically to explain the causes of objective phenomena and facts called ‘mental diseases’ (and on the basis of such new knowledge) to develop rational cures...
2 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Ichheiser as mentioned in this paper argued that rationality and irrationality were social and relational concepts and argued that although it is meaningful to make a distinction between these two concepts, it is wrong to treat them as separate from one another; even more, he questioned whether the cold rationality is "superior" to "irrational" impulses.
Abstract: Since Aristotle, scholars provided different answers to the question whether humans are rational. Some scholars, e.g. Descartes, presupposed that rationality is a norm, while others, e.g. Freud, claimed that humans are basically driven by irrational tendencies which they cannot control. For Gustav Ichheiser, rationality and irrationality were social and relational concepts. He argued that although it is meaningful to make a distinction between these two concepts, it is wrong to treat them as separate from one another; even more, he questioned whether the ‘cold rationality’ is ‘superior’ to ‘irrational’ impulses. It is the latter that instigates generous actions and spontaneous help to others. In analysing different meanings of irrationality and their attributions to the Self and Others, Ichheiser contrasted values of technological progress and of cultural-spiritual welfare in modern societies in their international contexts.
1 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify some common themes that permeate the volume, and discerns some guiding concepts, which can be considered as hopes and fears, as images of collective futures rooted in the past, and as semiotic means.
Abstract: Imagination is a basic capacity of humanity and it cannot be annihilated without destroying the human being as the human being. Images are products of imagination and can be manipulated by social means. This concluding chapter identifies some common themes that permeate the volume, and it discerns some guiding concepts. Imaginings of collective futures in this volume are conceived either as decoupling from immediate experience or as being embedded in daily thought. Interdependencies and oppositions between the Self and Others are heterogeneous; they can be considered as hopes and fears, as images of collective futures rooted in the past, and as semiotic means. Contemporary political and economic upheavals all over the world entail questions about rethinking imaginings and transformation of images.
1 citations