There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

This paper presents control and coordination algorithms for groups of vehicles. The focus is on autonomous vehicle networks performing distributed sensing tasks where each vehicle plays the role of a mobile tunable sensor. The paper proposes gradient descent algorithms for a class of utility functions which encode optimal coverage and sensing policies. The resulting closed-loop behavior is adaptive, distributed, asynchronous, and verifiably correct.

Coverage control for mobile sensing networks

Integration of the Internet into the entities of the different domains of human society (such as smart homes, health care, smart grids, manufacturing processes, product supply chains, and environmental monitoring) is emerging as a new paradigm called the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the ubiquitous and wide-range IoT networks make them prone to cyberattacks. One of the main types of attack is a denial of service (DoS), where the attacker floods the network with a large volume of data to prevent nodes from using the services. An intrusion detection mechanism is considered a chief source of protection for information and communications technology. However, conventional intrusion detection methods need to be modified and improved for application to the IoT owing to certain limitations, such as resource-constrained devices, the limited memory and battery capacity of nodes, and specific protocol stacks. In this paper, we develop a lightweight attack detection strategy utilizing a supervised machine learning-based support vector machine (SVM) to detect an adversary attempting to inject unnecessary data into the IoT network. The simulation results show that the proposed SVM-based classifier, aided by a combination of two or three incomplex features, can perform satisfactorily in terms of classification accuracy and detection time.

/pdf/toward-a-lightweight-intrusion-detection-system-for-the-owtxwcelm1.pdf

Toward a Lightweight Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an indispensible part of Internet of Things that has been applied in many fields to monitor environments and collect data from surroundings. However, WSNs are highly susceptible to attacks due to its unique characteristics: large-scale, self-organization, dynamic topology, and constrained resources. A number of systems have been proposed to effectively detect varieties of attacks in WSNs. However, most previous surveys on WSN attacks focus on detection methods for only one or two types of attacks and lack detailed performance analysis. Additionally, the literature lacks comprehensive studies on security-related data (in short security data) collection in WSNs. In this paper, we first provide an overview of WSNs and classify the attacks in WSNs based on protocol stack layers. For the purpose of WSN security measurement, we then research attack detection methods of eleven mainstream attacks. We extract security data that play an important role for detecting security anomaly toward security measurement. We further elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of the existing detection methods based on a number of evaluation criteria. Finally, we highlight a number of open problems in this paper field based on our thorough survey and conclude this paper with possible future research directions.

/pdf/data-collection-for-security-measurement-in-wireless-sensor-3dv4yzzd2n.pdf

Data Collection for Security Measurement in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Electronic statistics textbook by EPUB 3.0

The increasing pervasiveness of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in diverse application domains including critical infrastructure systems, sets an extremely high security bar in the design of WSN systems to exploit their full benefits, increasing trust while avoiding loss. Nevertheless, a combination of resource restrictions and the physical exposure of sensor devices inevitably cause such networks to be vulnerable to security threats, both external and internal. While several researchers have provided a set of open problems and challenges in WSN security and privacy, there is a gap in the systematic study of the security implications arising from the nature of existing communication protocols in WSNs. Therefore, we have carried out a deep-dive into the main security mechanisms and their effects on the most popular protocols and standards used in WSN deployments, i.e., IEEE 802.15.4, Berkeley media access control for low-power sensor networks, IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks, outing protocol for routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL), backpressure collection protocol, collection tree protocol, and constrained application protocol, where potential security threats and existing countermeasures are discussed at each layer of WSN stack. This paper culminates in a deeper analysis of network layer attacks deployed against the RPL routing protocol. We quantify the impact of individual attacks on the performance of a network using the Cooja network simulator. Finally, we discuss new research opportunities in network layer security and how to use Cooja as a benchmark for developing new defenses for WSN systems.

/pdf/a-survey-of-potential-security-issues-in-existing-wireless-5502h2c0ox.pdf

A Survey of Potential Security Issues in Existing Wireless Sensor Network Protocols

The focus of this study was on investigating the relationships among employee loyalty, service quality, cost reduction and company performance, with the aim to investigate the impact of employee lo...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1331677X.2018.1456346

An empirical study of employee loyalty, service quality, cost reduction and company performance

This document presents the views expressed in the submissions and discussions at the FAILSAFE workshop about the common problems that plague embedded sensor system deployments in the wild. We present analysis gathered from the submissions and the panel session of the FAILSAFE 2017 workshop held at the SenSys 2017 conference. The FAILSAFE call for papers specifically asked for descriptions of wireless sensor network (WSN) deployments and their problems and failures. The submissions, the questions raised at the presentations, and the panel discussion give us a sufficient body of work to review, and draw conclusions regarding the effect that the environment has as the most common cause of embedded sensor system failures.

/pdf/failures-from-the-environment-a-report-on-the-first-failsafe-4mvva1ghge.pdf

Failures from the Environment, a Report on the First FAILSAFE workshop

Wide Area Cyber-Physical Systems (WA-CPSs) are a class of control systems that integrate low-powered sensors, heterogeneous actuators, and computer controllers into large infrastructure that span multi-kilometre distances. Current wireless communication technologies are incapable of meeting the communication requirements of range and bounded delays needed for the control of WA-CPSs. To solve this problem, we use a Control Communication Co-design approach for WA-CPSs, that we refer to as the C3 approach, to design a novel Low-Power Wide Area (LPWA) MAC protocol called Ctrl-MAC and its associated event-triggered controller that can guarantee the closed-loop stability of a WA-CPS. This is the first article to show that LPWA wireless communication technologies can support the control of WA-CPSs. LPWA technologies are designed to support one-way communication for monitoring and are not appropriate for control. We present this work using an example of a water distribution network application, which we evaluate both through a co-simulator (modeling both physical and cyber subsystems) and testbed deployments. Our evaluation demonstrates full control stability, with up to 50% better packet delivery ratios and 80% less average end-to-end delays when compared to a state-of-the-art LPWA technology. We also evaluate our scheme against an idealised, wired, centralised, control architecture, and show that the controller maintains stability and the overshoots remain within bounds.

/pdf/control-communication-co-design-for-wide-area-cyber-physical-4nxm3nvlgf.pdf

Control Communication Co-Design for Wide Area Cyber-Physical Systems

The repeatable quality of colour reproduction is a growing challenge for producers of digital printing devices as well as for paper producers. The properties of the printing substrate such as whiteness, brightness, gloss, opacity, porosity, surface roughness, etc., the colourants and the printing technology in different combinations together are all factors that influence the overall print quality. Paper properties are one of the most important factors affecting the completeness of the image transfer and image appearance. As a crucial variable, paper has significant influence on the print quality. It affects print contrast, colour reproduction and surface uniformity. The goal of this paper is to better understand the impact of optical paper properties (whiteness, brightness and opacity) on colour reproduction in digital printing as well as on the human perceived print quality. In this study, ten different uncoated and coated papers were used. For characterization of the optical paper properties we had used software BabelColor CT&A. We also measured the printed samples with directional 45°/0° spectrophotometer to provide spectral reflectance of different tone values. A visual assessment of the printed samples was carried out in order to relate the influence of the optical paper properties to perceived colour reproduction quality under different light sources. As results suggest, unlike opacity, whiteness and brightness of paper are in correlation to perceived print quality.

Ivana Tomić

Papers

A Survey of Potential Security Issues in Existing Wireless Sensor Network Protocols

An empirical study of employee loyalty, service quality, cost reduction and company performance

Failures from the Environment, a Report on the First FAILSAFE workshop

Control Communication Co-Design for Wide Area Cyber-Physical Systems

PRINTING: Optical paper properties and their influence on colour reproduction and perceived print quality